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Urban Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

______ is a branch of human geography concerned with various aspects of cities. An urban geographer’s main role is to emphasize location and space and study the spatial processes that create patterns observed in urban areas.

A

Urban Geography

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2
Q

An essential component within urban geography is defining what a city or urban area actually is.

A

City

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3
Q

The subject gained importance ______ due to global population increases, making cities central to economic, social, and political processes.

A

Post World War 2

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4
Q

Emphasize location and space, studying spatial processes that create patterns in urban areas

A

Urban Geographers

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5
Q

Defined as a concentration of people with similar lifestyles, job types, cultural preferences, and political views

A

City

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6
Q

Differentiates areas using the rural-urban continuum, considering hamlets and villages (rural) versus cities and metropolitan areas (urban).

A

Urban Geographers

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7
Q

hamlets and villages

A

rural

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8
Q

metropolitan areas

A

Urban

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9
Q

Developed in the ________ with significant contributions from Karl Massert, Griffith Taylor, and R.L. Singh

A

20th century

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10
Q

______ have complex social organizations, distinct from rural areas, and serve as centers of commerce, administration, and cultural activities.

A

Towns

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11
Q

_________ had given 4 leaders for the scope of Urban Geography in his book “reading in Urban Geography”.

A

R.E. and Dickinson

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12
Q

What are the 4 Scope?

A
  1. Site, situation, location, nobility.
  2. Historical development
  3. Structure
  4. Delimitation of UN settlement.
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13
Q

______ is that area of earth surface on which town is established, originated & developed by the study of this, we find the relief, soil, climate, soil, climate, water sources and fertility of that area.

A

Site

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14
Q

Meaning of situation is concern with its surrounding areas, the rural areas around the town and it is surrounded with which big towns.

A

Situation

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15
Q

_____ is concern with the longitudes and latitudes of the town is situated at which position in globe. It also shows that the town is coming in which climatic zones. It shows that the town is situated in tropical or temperate region.

A

Location

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16
Q

Importance of the town attested by the roads of the town. How many roads are coming out from the town shows its nodility. The maximum number of roads coming out side are of which level and National Highway or state High way,

A

Mobility

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17
Q

3 Types of nobility

A
  1. Superior Nuclei
  2. Associate Nuclei
  3. Inferior Nuclei
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18
Q

2 types of Associate Nuclei

A

1)Homogenous
2) Heterogeneous

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19
Q

The main reason of its study is to find the development trend of any town. This help us in our future planning e.g.- Delhi and Jaipur due to their forming of capital.

A

Historical Development

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20
Q
  • It is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized.[1] Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. Abstract structures include data structures in computer science and musical form.
A

Structure

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21
Q

The study of town is under 2 aspects

A

a. Functional structure
b. Morphological structure.

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22
Q
  • This is a dynamic structure. This shows the land utilization of town. It is decided on the basis of activities and work of town.
A

Functional Structure

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23
Q

make use of observed environmental data, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation, or simple quantities derived from them (such as evaporation). In contrast, a genetic method classifies climate on the basis of its causal elements, the activity and characteristics of all factors (air……on a wider range of empirical evidence.)

A

Empirical Method

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24
Q

Two main statistical methods are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which summarize data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard deviation, and inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data that are subject to random variation (e.g., observational errors, sampling variation).

A

Emprical-cum Statistical Mathod

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25
Q

Pure statistical method

A

This are mathematical formulas, models, and techniques that are used in statistical analysis of raw research data. The application of statistical methods extracts information from research data and provides different ways to assess the robustness of research outputs.

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26
Q

Investors start the multiples approach by identifying similar companies and evaluating their market values. A multiple is then computed for the comparable companies and aggregated into a standardized figure using a key statistics measure, such as the mean or median.

A

Multiple Analysis Method

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27
Q

refer to the activities of business, industry, and trade.

A

Commercial or Mercantile

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28
Q

is the broader term, covering all the activities and relationships of industry and trade. In a derogatory sense it may mean such a preoccupation with the affairs of commerce as results in indifference to considerations other than wealth: commercial treaties; a merely commercial viewpoint.

A

Commercial

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29
Q

applies to the purchase and sale of goods, or to the transactions of business

A

Mercantile

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30
Q

A broad term to describe all aspects of industry or a company engaged in industry through the manufacture of products, such as industrial workers, or industrial pollution. Also refers to a characterization of something that describes a connection to industry, such as industrial strength, industrial nation or industrial development.

A

Industrial

31
Q

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. … Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational.

A

Educational

32
Q

___ is admittance to the hospital as a patient.

A

Hospitalization

33
Q

refers to the group of individuals who are in charge of creating and enforcing rules and regulations, or those in leadership positions who complete important tasks. … Administration is defined as the act of managing duties, responsibilities, or rules.

A

Administration

34
Q

is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience’s attention.

A

Entertainment

35
Q

is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

A

Society

36
Q

consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society.

A

Culture

37
Q
  • This is a static structure which shows the skeleton of the town this is of 3 types.
A

Morphological Structure

38
Q

3 Types of Morphological Structure?

A

1) High Sky Line
2) Agglomeration of Houses
3) Road Width

39
Q

Types of Functions?

A

1) Commercial
2) Residential
3) Industrial
4) Educational
5) Hospitalization
6) Administration
7) Entertainment
8) Social/Society and Culture

40
Q

R.E. Dickinson shows the 3 geographical region of the town act to morphological structure

A

1) Heart Land
2) Middle Region
3) Outer Region

41
Q
  • the part of a country that is most important for a particular activity, or where a political party has the most support.
  • the central or most important part of an area
A

Heart Land

42
Q
  • Part of a certain region or country that is located in the middle area.
A

Middle Region

43
Q
  • Part of a certain region or country that is located in the outside area.
A

Outer region

44
Q
A
45
Q

also known as the Burgess model or the CCD model, is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. It was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925.

A

Concentric zone theory by Bergess in 1925

46
Q
A
47
Q

This theory states that the concentric circles are based on the amount that people will pay for the land. This value is based on the profits that are obtainable from maintaining a business on that land.

A

Bid Rent Curve

48
Q

which explains how cities grew. As we witness the population growth it is becoming more and more essential to understand how cities work. Studies on patterns of urban growth, settlement geography, and land use are of great interest to the concerned people.

A

Sector theory by Hormer Heart in 1939

49
Q

All the above points show the study of individual town. After this we can do the ranking of town and decides its hierarchy. Till now we have completed the individual study of town. Now we discuss about the surrounding areas in 4th point.

A

Multiple Nuclie theory by C.D Herris and E. Ullman in 1945.

50
Q

Town is not a dead unit. It is an active part of the society. Town started the 4 works of a man-

A

Delimitation of Urban Settlement

51
Q
A
52
Q

is the place where a person lives, or the act of living in a place.

A

Residence

53
Q
  • to perform work or fulfill duties regularly for wages or salary.
  • to perform or carry through a task requiring sustained effort or continuous repeated operations.
  • to exert oneself physically or mentally especially in sustained effort for a purpose or under compulsion or necessity
A

Work

54
Q

is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience’s attention.

A

Entertainment

55
Q

It provides services to the surrounding area, e.g.- entertainment, transport, market. Employment and administrative service.
. It provides the facilities to the people living in town.
a. Raw material for industry

A

Transport

56
Q
  • An increase in a population in Cities and towns versus rural areas. Urbanization began during the industrial revolution, when workers moved towards manufacturing hubs increase to obtain jobs in factories as agricultural jobs became less common.
A

Urbanization

57
Q

____ were able to form permanent settlements

A

Humans

58
Q

Neolithic Period

A

(10,000 years ago)

59
Q

refers to the increasing number of people that live in urban areas.

A

Urbanization

60
Q

___ has recently been shown to be a serious modifier of stream ecosystems that involves impacts on channels and flows

A

Urbanization

61
Q

_____ has resulted in significant wetland loss through draining, dredging, and filling. Even if wetlands are not completely eliminated, urban development fragments them with road crossings and impairs wetland ecosystem function by altering hydrologic regime, increasing input of nutrients and toxins, and introducing exotic species. Wetland species such as turtles and salamanders that spend part of their life on land and part in water are particularly vulnerable to urbanization.

A

Wetlands Urbanization

62
Q

___ is a trend representing a shift from the old agricultural economics to a novel non-agricultural economy, which creates a modernized society.

A

Industrialization

63
Q

refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas

A

Urbanization

64
Q

The distribution of goods and services and commercial transactions in the modern era has developed modern marketing institutions and exchange methods that have tremendously given rise to the growth of towns and cities.

A

Commercialization

65
Q

It include better educational facilities, better living standards, better sanitation and housing, better health care, better recreation facilities, and better social life in general.

A

Social Benefits and Services

66
Q

The majority of people frequently migrate into urban areas to access well-paying jobs as urban areas have countless employment opportunities in all developmental sectors such as public health, education, transport, sports and recreation, industries, and business enterprises.

A

Employment

67
Q

As urban areas become more technology savvy together with highly sophisticated communication, infrastructure, medical facilities, dressing code, enlightenment,

A

Modernization!

68
Q

attracts people to cities and towns which leads to a high population increase. With the increase in the number of people living in urban centers, there is a continued scarcity of houses.

A

Housing Problems

69
Q

is a situation whereby a huge number of people live in a small space.

A

Overcrowding

70
Q
  • The problem of joblessness is highest in Urban areas and it is even higher among educated people.
A

Unemployment

71
Q
  • The cost of living in urban areas is very high.
A

Development of Slums

72
Q

. More people means an increased number of vehicles which leads to traffic congestion and vehicular pollution.

A

Traffic Congestion

73
Q
  • Issues of lack of resources, overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, and lack of social services and education habitually lead to many social problems including violence, drug abuse, and crime.
A

Urban Crime

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