urban futures Flashcards
What is the charge for drivers of high-polluting cars entering the Clean Air Zone in Birmingham?
£8
This charge applies to cars, taxis, and vans that do not meet emissions standards.
What will happen to vehicles that do not comply with the emissions standards in Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone?
They will face a £120 fine
This fine is imposed for failing to pay the charge while driving in the zone.
What types of vehicles are charged to enter the Clean Air Zone?
Non-compliant vehicles, specifically:
* Diesels manufactured before 2015
* Petrol cars made before 2006
Only vehicles that do not meet the emissions standards are subject to charges.
What is the charge for buses, coaches, and HGVs driving in central Birmingham?
£50
This is the daily charge for high-polluting larger vehicles.
By what year could all private cars be banned from driving through the city centre of Birmingham?
2031
This is part of a radical transport plan aimed at reducing pollution.
What is the total investment for the 20-year plan to support cyclists in Birmingham?
£22.9m
This investment aims to make cycling a more integral part of the transport network.
What are the main components of the cycling infrastructure plan in Birmingham?
The plan includes:
* 36km of new routes
* 8km of upgrades
* Quieter parallel routes for less experienced cyclists
These routes link to local schools and health centres.
What initiative is ‘Birmingham Bikes’ associated with?
Providing 5000 bicycles and 15 additional hubs
This initiative also includes long-term loan solutions for beginner cyclists.
True or False: Drivers will receive alerts if their high-polluting vehicle enters the Clean Air Zone without paying.
False
Drivers must be aware of the zone and pay accordingly to avoid fines.
Fill in the blank: The cycling plan in Birmingham aims to make cycling a part of _______.
[everyday life]
This reflects the goal to integrate cycling more fully into daily transportation.
What is a criticism regarding the cycling infrastructure in Birmingham?
Many unlit, isolated paths
Critics argue that these paths may pose safety risks, pushing cyclists into waterways.
What is the population of Rosario?
About 910,000
This figure refers to the population of Rosario city itself.
What is the population of Villa Gobernador Gálvez?
About 75,000
This city is located directly to the south of Rosario.
What are ‘Villas Miserias’?
Informal settlements in Rosario characterized by few services and high population densities
Approximately 100,000 people live in these areas.
What is the Cordón Industrial?
A traditionally industrialized productive region in the north of Greater Rosario
It faced significant economic challenges in the 1990s.
What percentage of the metro area population was under the poverty line in 2011?
6.5%
This statistic highlights ongoing economic challenges in the region.
What percentage of the labor force was unemployed in 2012?
8.3%
This reflects the economic difficulties faced by the city.
What happened to the traditional chemical and steel plants in Rosario during the 2000s?
They were hit hard and closed
This contributed to increased unemployment and social unrest.
What is the age structure of the population in Greater Rosario compared to Argentina as a whole?
21% under fifteen and 17% over sixty
This indicates an older average age compared to the national figures.
Which European countries were significant contributors to the immigration influx in Rosario in the late 19th century?
Spain, Italy, France, Croatia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Ukraine, the Balkans, Switzerland, Germany, the UK, Ireland, and Scandinavia
These groups greatly diversified the ethnic makeup of the city.
What was the percentage of the city population that was non-native Argentine by the 1910s?
43%
This figure reflects the peak of immigration during that time.
Fill in the blank: The main Italian Argentine figure mentioned is _______.
Jorge Mario Bergoglio
He is also known as Pope Francis.
What is a characteristic of high-rise developments in Rosario?
Popular with students and young people
These developments have become a trend in urban living.
What led to the revitalization of the industrial and agricultural sectors in Rosario by 2006?
The national economy’s recovery
This recovery helped improve the economic situation in the region.
