Urban Environments Flashcards
What is rural to urban migration? Vice Versa
When people move from the country to cities, vice versa.
What are the causes of rural to urban migration (Poor)
Shortage of services in Poor Countries and people believe that the standard of living is better. More Jobs in urban areas due to the industries.
What are the causes of rural to urban migration (Rich)
The industrial/agricultural revolution forced farmers out of a job due to the machinery and jobs were created in the factories, so people moved for work. Run down areas revamped encouraged people back.
What are the four parts of a city.
Rural-Urban Fringe-Farming and factories
The Suburbs-Cheap housing, where people commute from middle class less crime
The inner city- Poor quality houses/industry buildings, run down and deprived revamping occur
CBD-Commercial centre transport routes meet high land value tall buildings few people live here.
Land use in and around the city
Shopping centres have moved to out of town locations. Tower blocks replaced with estates. Land for houses on revamped brownfield areas.
Problems of Urban areas (4)
Shortage of good quality housing
Run down CBD’s
Traffic congestion and pollution
Ethnic segregation
Housing shortage tackling schemes
Urban renewal schemes - New housing, services and employment.
New towns - House overspill populations.
Relocation Incentives - Free up houses.
How to revitalise the CBD’s
Pedestrianising, Improved access (public transport), Converting warehouses/docks to smart shops, improving public areas.
Affect on more cars
Pollution, congestion, damage to roads and more accidents.
What are squatter settlements
Build illegally by people that cannot afford housing on the edge of the city, done in poor countries.
Ways to help squatter settlements
Self help - Local people work together to improve life.
Site and Service - Pay little rent for the land and then they can borrow money to buy materials to improve quality of housing.
Local Authority - Money to provide temporary accommodation.
Urbanisation environmental issues
Rapid urbanisation - Large amount of waste, air and water pollution, affecting health as well
Waste disposal problems
Lack money and infrastructure to deal with waste and the scale is hard to deal with
Affects of air pollution
Acid rain, Damaging buildings. Health problems and Pollutants destroy ozone layer.
Affects of water pollution
Kills fish and animals disrupting food chains. Poison humans from eating polluted animals. Spreading of diseases.
