Urban Environments

Question 1

Accessibility

Answer 1

The ease with which one location can be reached from another;the degree to which people are able to obtain goods and services such as housing and healthcare

Question 2

Agglomeration

Answer 2

The concentration of people and their activities at particular locations

Question 3

Brownfield sites

Answer 3

Land that has previously been used/built on,abandoned and now awaits a new use

Question 4

Commute

Answer 4

The daily movement of people from there homes to their places of work

Question 5

Commuter settlements

Answer 5

Towns or villages where a significant proportion of the residents work elsewhere

Question 6

Congestion

Answer 6

Acute overcrowding caused by high densities of traffic,business and people

Question 7

Conurbation

Answer 7

Extensive urban areas resulting from the expansion of several towns or cities so that they merge together but maintain their separate identities

Question 8

Core

Answer 8

The most important economic, political and social area of a country or global region - a centre of power

Question 9

Counter urbanisation

Answer 9

The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller cities and towns, as well as to rural areas

Question 10

Dereliction

Answer 10

Abondoned buildings and wasteland

Question 11

Environmental quality

Answer 11

The degree to which an area is free from air, water, noise and visual pollution

Question 12

Ethnicity

Answer 12

Belonging to an ethnic group, united by a common characteristic such as race, language or religion

Question 13

Formal economy

Answer 13

The type of employment where people work to receive a regular wage, pay tax and have certain rights e.g. paid holidays, sick leave

Question 14

Greenfield sites

Answer 14

Land not used for urban development/ has not been built on before

Question 15

Industrialisation

Answer 15

The process by which an increasing proportion of the population are employed in the manufacturing sector of the economy

Question 16

Informal economy

Answer 16

Employment outside the official knowledge of the government

Question 17

Infrastructure

Answer 17

The transport networks and the water, sewage and communication systems that are vital to people and their settlements and businesses

Question 18

Land use

Answer 18

The types of buildings or other features that are found in the area

Question 19

Land values

Answer 19

The market price of a piece of land; what people or businesses are prepared to pay for owning and occupying it

Question 20

Mega city

Answer 20

A city or urban area with a population larger than 10 million

Question 21

Periphery

Answer 21

An area remote or isolated from the centre (core) of a country, it generally lags in terms of development and influence

Question 22

Physical infrastructure

Answer 22

The services such as transport, telecommunications, water and sewage disposal, that are vital for people and businesses

Question 23

Pollution

Answer 23

Chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment

Question 24

Population density

Answer 24

The number of people in relation to the space that they occupy, normally the number of people per km2

Question 25

Poverty

Answer 25

Where people are seriously lacking in terms of income, food,housing ,basic services, and access to to education and healthcare

Question 26

Push-pull factors

Answer 26

The things that encourage people to migrate from one area to another;the negative in the area of departure (push) are balanced against the positives of the destination(pull)

Question 27

Sanitation

Answer 27

Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste

Question 28

Service provision

Answer 28

Making available commercial and social services, such as shops and schools

Question 29

Settlement

Answer 29

A place where people live

Question 30

Shanty towns/ squatter settlements

Answer 30

An area of slums built by salvaged materials; found either on the city edge or within the city, often on ground previously avoided by urban development

Question 31

Social deprivation

Answer 31

When the well- being and quality of life of people begins to fall below a minimum level

Question 32

Social polarisation

Answer 32

The process of segregation within a society based on income inequality and socio-economic status

Question 33

Socio - economic group

Answer 33

A group of people sharing the same characteristics such as income level, type of employment and class

Question 34

Suburbanisation

Answer 34

The outward spread of the urban area, often at lower densities compared with older parts of the city or town

Question 35

Sustainability

Answer 35

Meeting the needs of the present without comprising the needs of future generations

Question 36

Urban fringe

Answer 36

The outer edge of a town or city when the built up area gives way to the countryside

Question 37

Urban re- branding

Answer 37

Developing a town or city to re-image it and change people’s idea of it; promoting a town or city to a target audience or market

Question 38

Urban regeneration

Answer 38

The investment of capital in the revival of older urban areas by either improving what is already there or clearing it away and rebuilding

Question 39

Urban re-imaging

Answer 39

Changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it

Question 40

Urban sprawl

Answer 40

Unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding rural areas

Question 41

Urbanisation

Answer 41

The process by which an increasing proportion or percentage of a population live in urban areas