Urban Change

Question 1

how have cities changed economically?

Answer 1

• they attract people from rural areas as they offer more job opportunities and the jobs are better paid
• businesses such as factories and shops grow in size and become more profitable, leads to jobs and wage rises
• commercial farming overtakes subsistence farming as the primary method of food production, decline in agricultural jobs moves people into towns and cities

Question 2

how have cities changed socially?

Answer 2

• they have higher living standards, better access to healthcare and education
• centre for cultural expression e.g. museums and art galleries

Question 3

how have cities changed technologically?

Answer 3

• urban areas become hotspots for technological advancements
• manchester became first industrialised city
• large number of high-tech industries have emerged e.g. silicon valley
• offering specialised and highly paid jobs

Question 4

how have cities changed politically?

Answer 4

• increased inequalities between rich and poor people, a new ‘working class’ emerges made up of people in manufacturing industries
• new political movements to represent ‘working class’
• political reform focuses on issues that affect urban life e.g. poor sanitation, quality of housing, working conditions in factories

Question 5

how have cities changed demographically?

Answer 5

• as cities become larger and wealthier, they attract migrants from other the world
• urban areas become more culturally and ethnically diverse and new areas emerge e.g. chinatown in nyc

Question 6

what is deindustrialisation?

Answer 6

this is the long term decline of a country’s manufacturing industry