Urban And Rural Flashcards
Urban areas
Large settlements like large cities
Rural/urban fringe
Countryside, farmland, small villages
Land use zones
Areas with similar land use
CBD Central Business District
Centre of most large cities,
Large shops,
offices,
entertainments
Inner City
19th century, edge of CBD
old houses
Industry
High rise flats
Suburbs
Council estates,
semi detached houses
Small shopping centres
Small industrial estates
Tenements
Houses/flats
SCOTTISH INNER CITY
Terraced houses
England and Wales
Why did urban areas start to grow?
People moved from rural areas
What is the oldest part of the city and why?
Grow outwards over time
Middle is the oldest
Land use zones in order:
- CBD
- Inner city
- Suburbs
- Rural/urban fringe
Route centres
Transport routes meet
Eg. Main roads
Bus stations
Train stations
Map evidence for CBD
Bus and train stations (route centres) University (uni)/(Coll) Tourist information centre Public buildings (town hall TH) (BOLD) Museums (oldest area) Tourist attractions Library (easy to access route centre) No open space Churches/cathedrals (old area)
Why are shops found in the CBD?
Easy to access
Route centre
So many people live in the CBD?
No
High cost of land
Causes of traffic in the CBD
Roads not designed for cars
On street parking
Main roads meet in city centre
Winding streets too narrow for cars
Solutions for traffic in the CBD
Out of town shopping centres (direct traffic away from the CBD)
One way streets (keep traffic flowing)
Car park charges (controls the amount of cars)
Improving public transport eg. Wifi (encourages people to use it)
Bus lanes (busses run faster)
Park and ride(less cars in the CBD)
By-pass (prevents cars from entering CBD when they don’t need to)
Multi-storey car parks (allow lots of cars to park in a small area)
Shopping changes in glasgows CBD
Discount stores -people who are less affluent
Charity shops- attempt to raise money for cause -for less affluent
Pedestrian shopping streets- less polluted -safer
Shopping centres -everything in one place (food, shops) -shelter from weather
Shop closures- due to retail parks and Internet shopping - 24hour supermarkets -out of town shopping centres
Why might shopping changes be bad for the CBD?
Shopping centres-
Trade taken from other CBD shops
Charity shops - don’t attract extra customers
- as workers volunteers few jobs created
Pound shops - don’t attract extra customers
- no high value goods, don’t bring rich people
Bus lanes - make other lanes busier
Pedestrianisation - more traffic added to other routes
-limits shops deliveries
One street parking - can cause confusion for drivers not familiar
-delivery problems
Inner City characteristics
Grid iron street pattern
Industry and housing close together (lack of transport)
Chimneys/smoke stack (old industry was coal powered)
Churches (older area, were more religious
Tenements housing/ terraced (more people small space, high land prices)
Empty buildings (industry shut down)
No gardens (lack of space, HLP)
Vandalism (buildings empty)
Multi-storey factory (sell good to CBD)
Marrow street
Inner city map evidence
Warehouses and factories (long obscure shaped buildings)
Railway lines/sidings/freight-lines/ canal (transport goods)
Main roads passing through
Chimneys
Gap sites ( industry left area)
Grid iron street pattern
Why were tenements/terraced housing built in the inner city?
To home factory workers
Problems with the old tenements
Old and run down
Cramped too many people in the one house/flat
Disease spread easily so many people in one place (lack of sanitation)
No waste collection (rubbish was piled up)
Lack of water (had to be collected outside)
No central heating or cookers
Unemployment caused poverty
Settlement
Places where people live
Advantages of building high rise flats
- many people in a small space
- electricity
- running water/cooking facilities
- still in the inner city (close to work)
Disadvantages of building high rise flats
- limited access if lift breaks
- wasn’t what people wanted
- Young families (elderly are house bound)
- kids had to stay inside (no play areas, parents couldn’t watch them)
- loss of community
- still unemployment
- impacts mental health (isolation)
- poorly built
- caused behaviour problems
- dampness (effects health)
- high crime
Urban regeneration (attempt to increase employment) Advantages
- Setting up small factories in areas of high unemployment
- attract industry by offering grants
Urban regeneration (attempt to increase unemployment) Disadvantages
- traditional industries have continued to go down hill
- not enough new jobs
Creating suburban housing estates advantages
- reduced inner city over crowding
- low rise flats
- electricity/ running water
- larger flats
Creating suburban housing estates
Disadvantages
- split up families
- people didn’t have a choice were they were put
- far from employment
- no public transport connections for work
What is comprehensive redevelopment?
Knock down the old inner city move people out and start again
Advantages of redeveloping the remaining tenements (urban regeneration)
- cheaper than building new houses
- double glazing (warmer)
- electricity/ running water
- made the flats bigger (joined two together)
- communities kept together
- close to work/shops
- central heating
- community like it
Suburbs
Edge of the city
More room for open space
Houses int he suburbs
Detached
Semi- detached
Flats
Features of suburbs
Drives and garages Gardens Creamers and cul-de- sacs Detached semi-detached Pleasant environment (little air pollution) Fewer churches (recently built) Hospitals Boundary (inner city) / rural urban fringe
Commuter settlement features
Recreation Train station (for commuters) Historic/older (churches, Chapels, castle) Park and rides Main road Open space Farmland Cul-de-sacs/ crescents
