upplemental In-Class Assignment #14 - Digestion, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energy

Question 1

What is chyme?

Question 1 options:

food mixed with saliva

saliva plus the bolus

undigested material

bolus plus gastric juices

Answer 1

bolus plus gastric juices

Question 2

The major functions of the large intestine include:

Question 2 options:

secrete digestive enzymes

reabsorb water

break down vitamins

absorb organic nutrients x

all of the above X

Answer 2

reabsorb water

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE for bile?

Question 3 options:

Its production is stimulated by somatostatin.

Its release is stimulated by cholecystokinin.

It contains concentrated enzymes involved in lipid digestion. X

It is produced by the gall bladder.

all of the above.

Answer 3

Its release is stimulated by cholecystokinin.

Question 4

What is the correct sequence for the layers within the walls of the alimentary canal starting at the lumen?

Question 4 options:

4
Serosa

2
Submucosa

1
Mucosa

3
Muscularis

Answer 4

Mucosa
submucosa
Muscularis
serosa

Question 5

The ingestion of which nutrient type results in the greatest food-induced thermogenesis?
Question 5 options:

proteins

vitamins

lipids

carbohydrates

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

The “thermostat” or temperature regulator of the body is the ________.
Question 6 options:

pituitary

thalamus

thyroid

hypothalamus

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

During exercise, increased metabolic activity increases body heat, which then triggers sweating. Which of the following best describes the function of sweating?
Question 7 options:

direct conduction

sensible evaporation

infrared radiation

forced convection

Answer 7

sensible evaporation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of low-density-lipoproteins (LDLs)?
Question 8 options:

assist in the storage of cholesterol when supply exceeds demand

make cholesterol available to tissue cells for membrane formation

make cholesterol available to tissue cells for hormone synthesis

transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver

Answer 8

transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver

Question 9

While we are in the postabsorptive state, the two primary sources of glucose for fuel are what?

Question 9 options:

Stomach and intestine

Liver and skeletal muscle

Brain and skin

Liver and brain

Answer 9

Liver and skeletal muscle

Question 10

About what percentage of the body’s required cholesterol is ingested?

Question 10 options:

30% X

15%

90% X

85% X

Answer 10

15%

Question 11

Cholesterol is essential for our bodies, but depending on how it is transported determines whether it is “good” or “bad”. Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?

Question 11 options:

HDLs are actually not considered “good” but are instead “bad” cholesterol.

HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue for storage

HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones.

HDLs transport the cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver to be broken down and secreted into the bile.

Answer 11

HDLs transport the cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver to be broken down and secreted into the bile.

Question 12

During prolonged periods of fasting in the post absorptive state, your body uses more noncarbohydrate sources to conserve glucose. This is referred to as:

Question 12 options:

Glucose sparing

Glucose fasting

Glucose accommodation

Glucose loading

Answer 12

Glucose sparing

Question 13

Which of the following would be true while you are still in the absorptive state of metabolism?

Question 13 options:

Anabolic metabolic processes would be greater than catabolic metabolic processes

Anabolic metabolic processes equal catabolic processes

Catabolic metabolic processes would be greater than anabolic metabolic processes X

No metabolic processes would occur as homeostasis is occurring

Answer 13

Anabolic metabolic processes would be greater than catabolic metabolic processes

Question 14

Match the following:

Question 14 options:

3
Heat loss in the form of infrared waves.

3
Heat loss during sweating.

1
Heat transfer into the chair you are sitting on.

2
Heat exchange when you are under a ceiling fan.

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
4. Evaporation

Question 15

What hypoglycemic hormone directs nearly all activities during the absorptive state?

Question 15 options:

nor-epinephrine

Insulin

glucoagon

epinephrine

Answer 15

insulin

Question 16

Which of the following can be absorbed by the small intestine without any further digestion?

Question 16 options:

DNA

fatty acids

maltose

starch

proteins X

Answer 16

fatty acids

Question 17

Place the following in the correct sequence for lipid digestion and absorption.

Answer 17

1.emulsification of fats

2.chemical digestion of fats

3.formation of micelles

4.diffusion to cross the epithelial cell membrane

5.formation of chylomicrons

6.Enter lacteal and transported by lymph

Question 18

The function of the enterogastric reflex is to:

Question 18 options:

increase production of hydrochloric acid

regulate material leaving the stomach

control stomach filling X

to trigger vomiting when the digestive tract is irritated

to cause mass movements of material in the intestine X

Answer 18

regulate material leaving the stomach

Question 19

Which of the choices below is NOT a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body?
Question 19 options:

amino acid synthesis

glycogenesis

ATP production

lipogenesis

direct conversion to a nucleic acid

Answer 19

direct conversion to a nucleic acid

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes complete protein?
Question 20 options:

derived from meat and fish only

meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet

must contain all the body’s amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth

derived only from legumes and other plant material

Answer 20

must contain all the body’s amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth

Question 21

When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly ________.
Question 21 options:

ammonia

ketone bodies

acetyl CoA

urea

Answer 21

urea

Question 22

Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
Question 22 options:

iron and selenium

calcium and phosphorus

sodium and chlorine

sulfur and potassium

Answer 22

iron and selenium

Question 23

Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)?
Question 23 options:

lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation

glycolysis, citric acid (Krebs) cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain

gluconeogenesis, citric acid (Krebs) cycle, lipolysis

Answer 23

glycolysis, citric acid (Krebs) cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________.
Question 24 options:

glycogen is formed

glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules

glycogen is broken down to release glucose

glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water

Answer 24

glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules