Uppers Abdomen and Thorax Flashcards
1
Q
rib anatomy
A
true ribs (1-7)
-articulate with sternum through own costal cartilage
false ribs (8-10)
-joint on a larger piece of conjoined cartilage
floating ribs (11-12)
-no attachment to sternum
2
Q
RUQ
A
liver gall bladder kidney pancreas colon lung
3
Q
RLQ
A
ureter bladder ovary colon appendix uterus
4
Q
LUQ
A
stomach spleen colon lungs pancreas kidney liver
5
Q
LLQ
A
ureter ovary bladder colon uterus
6
Q
hollow organs
A
stomach bladder ureters small/large intestine appendix
7
Q
solid organs
-result
A
liver spleen kidney pancreas gall bladder higher risk for injury and bleed a lot more
8
Q
costochondral sprain
- range
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
range -sprain to dislocation MOI -anterior to lateral trauma to the sternum or chest wall S/S -tenderness at costochondral junction -possible discoloration -a separation may also cause pain with deep inspiration, crepitus, clicking tx -refer as needed to rule out fracture -rest -treat Sx
9
Q
costochondritis
- where
- what
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
where -costochondral junction what -inflammation or chronic irritation MOI -chronic stress S/S -pain in anterior chest wall -tenderness -possible crepitus and mild inflammation Tx -rest-take time -ice -anti-inflammatories
10
Q
rib fracture
- MOI
- S/S
- special tests
- Tx
A
MOI -acute trauma -direct blow -fall S/S -pain over ribs -pain with breathing, shallow breaths -tenderness and possible crepitus -swelling and discoloration special tests -+ compression test Tx -stabilize area with a swathe if necessary
11
Q
flail chest injury
A
fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in two or more places
12
Q
pneumothorax
- what
- anatomy
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
"collapsed lung" anatomy -parietal and visceral pleura MOI -penetrating injury -no apparent MOI (spontaneous) --intense bouts of exercise can lead to microtears that result in a collapsed lung S/S -upper chest pain -dyspnea -light-headedness -decreased breath sounds -cyanosis Tx -immediate referral -supplementary oxygen if available -treat for shock and monitor vitals
13
Q
open pheumothorax
- result of
- S/S
- Tx
A
result of an open rib fracture of puncture wound
S/S
-sucking sound as the athlete tries to breathe
Tx
-immediate referral
-do not remove impaled object
-stabilize object
-cover with a sterile dressing and seal - nonporous
-administer oxygen
14
Q
hemothorax
- what
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
blood in the pleural space MOI -acute traumatic injury (may occur as a result of penetrating rib fracture or laceration of lung tissue S/S -lung collapse -reduced or absent breath sounds -dyspnea -cyanosis -hypotension --S/S of shock -coughing up frothy blood Tx -immediate referral
15
Q
cardiac contusion
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
MOI -blunt trauma that compresses the heart between the sternum and spine S/S -chest pain -neck vein distension -arrhythmia -muffled heart tones -ECG changes (muscle injury) Tx -refer immediately
16
Q
Commotio Cordis
- cause
- what
- survival rate
- Tx
A
blunt trauma to the chest immediate cardiac arrest survival rate: 15% (60) Tx -defibrillation
17
Q
blow to the solar plexus
- what
- S/S
- Tx
A
"getting the wind knocked out of you" a direct blow will momentarily paralyze the diaphragm and impair breathing S/S -abdominal pain -fear/anxiety -difficulty breathing Tx -loosen clothing -calm and reassure the athlete -instruct: long inspirations, short expirations
18
Q
hyperventilation
A
control the rate at which CO2 is lost from the body
breathe into paper bag
breathe in through nose (one nostril)
19
Q
abdominal strain
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
MOI -violent contraction, trunk twisting, repetitive motion S/S -pain -spasm -palpable tenderness Tx -rest -low-level strengthening -treat symptoms
20
Q
femoral hernia
- what
- femoral canal
- S/S
- Tx
A
what -protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the femoral canal femoral canal -opening through which the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatic vessels pass S/S -bulge or mass -discomfort Tx -refer
21
Q
inguinal hernia -what -inguinal canal -more common in S/S -Tx
A
protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the inguinal canal inguinal canal -inferior aspect of the abdominal cavity, superior to the inguinal ligament -more common in males S/S -bulge or mass -discomfort -pain with coughing or Valsalva Tx -refer
22
Q
kidney contusion
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
MOI -severe blow to the low back S/S -deep ache in the low back -possible muscle guarding -pain may wrap to anterior lower abdomen -nausea and vomiting -hematuria Tx -refer immediately -911 if they display S/S of shock
23
Q
splenic rupture
- what
- most vulnerable when
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
most common death due to abdominal trauma in athletics most vulnerable after systemic illness MOI -direct blow to the LUQ or a hard fall S/S -LUQ pain -nausea and vomiting -shock -abdominal rigidity -rebound tenderness -Kehr's Sign --pain in L shoulder radiating down into L arm Tx -911
24
Q
appendicitis
- what
- S/S
- Tx
A
what -rupture of the appendix S/S -lower abdominal tenderness -nausea and vomiting -fever -rebound tenderness -McBurney's Point Tx -refer immediately
25
Q
kidney stones
- what
- size range
- risk factors
- S/S
- Tx
A
what -"stones" - formed by crystals of uric acid, struvite, or calcium range -1 mm - 2.5 cm risk factors -family history -stress -hypertension -high protein or sodium intake S/S -pain in the left or right side -pain during urination Tx -referral
26
Q
urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- what
- S/S
- DDx
A
bacterial infection in the bladder S/S -acute low back pain -dysuria (pain) -lower abdominal pain -urine abnormalities -fever DDx -ask more questions
27
Q
testicular contusion
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
MOI -direct blow S/S -immediate intense pain Tx -calming the athlete -regulating breathing -have athlete examine for abnormalities -any swelling or rupture should be referred
28
Q
testicular torsion
- what
- MOI
- S/S
- Tx
A
torsion of the spermatic cord MOI -direct blow -jarring movement S/S -acute onset pain -localized swelling of the testicle -one testicle being higher than the other Tx -immediate referral
