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Uppers > Uppers Abdomen and Thorax > Flashcards

Uppers Abdomen and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

rib anatomy

A

true ribs (1-7)
-articulate with sternum through own costal cartilage
false ribs (8-10)
-joint on a larger piece of conjoined cartilage
floating ribs (11-12)
-no attachment to sternum

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2
Q

RUQ

A 
liver
gall bladder
kidney
pancreas
colon
lung
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3
Q

RLQ

A 
ureter
bladder
ovary
colon
appendix
uterus
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4
Q

LUQ

A 
stomach
spleen
colon
lungs
pancreas
kidney
liver
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5
Q

LLQ

A 
ureter
ovary
bladder
colon
uterus
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6
Q

hollow organs

A 
stomach
bladder
ureters
small/large intestine
appendix
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7
Q

solid organs

-result

A 
liver
spleen
kidney
pancreas
gall bladder
higher risk for injury and bleed a lot more
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8
Q

costochondral sprain

  • range
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
range
-sprain to dislocation
MOI
-anterior to lateral trauma to the sternum or chest wall
S/S
-tenderness at costochondral junction
-possible discoloration
-a separation may also cause pain with deep inspiration, crepitus, clicking
tx
-refer as needed to rule out fracture
-rest
-treat Sx
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9
Q

costochondritis

  • where
  • what
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
where
-costochondral junction
what
-inflammation or chronic irritation
MOI
-chronic stress
S/S
-pain in anterior chest wall
-tenderness
-possible crepitus and mild inflammation
Tx
-rest-take time
-ice
-anti-inflammatories
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10
Q

rib fracture

  • MOI
  • S/S
  • special tests
  • Tx
A 
MOI
-acute trauma
-direct blow
-fall
S/S
-pain over ribs
-pain with breathing, shallow breaths
-tenderness and possible crepitus
-swelling and discoloration
special tests
-+ compression test
Tx
-stabilize area with a swathe if necessary
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11
Q

flail chest injury

A

fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in two or more places

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12
Q

pneumothorax

  • what
  • anatomy
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
"collapsed lung"
anatomy
-parietal and visceral pleura
MOI
-penetrating injury
-no apparent MOI (spontaneous)
--intense bouts of exercise can lead to microtears that result in a collapsed lung
S/S
-upper chest pain
-dyspnea
-light-headedness
-decreased breath sounds
-cyanosis
Tx
-immediate referral
-supplementary oxygen if available
-treat for shock and monitor vitals
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13
Q

open pheumothorax

  • result of
  • S/S
  • Tx
A

result of an open rib fracture of puncture wound
S/S
-sucking sound as the athlete tries to breathe
Tx
-immediate referral
-do not remove impaled object
-stabilize object
-cover with a sterile dressing and seal - nonporous
-administer oxygen

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14
Q

hemothorax

  • what
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
blood in the pleural space
MOI
-acute traumatic injury (may occur as a result of penetrating rib fracture or laceration of lung tissue
S/S
-lung collapse
-reduced or absent breath sounds
-dyspnea
-cyanosis
-hypotension
--S/S of shock
-coughing up frothy blood
Tx
-immediate referral
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15
Q

cardiac contusion

  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
MOI
-blunt trauma that compresses the heart between the sternum and spine
S/S
-chest pain
-neck vein distension
-arrhythmia
-muffled heart tones
-ECG changes (muscle injury)
Tx
-refer immediately
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16
Q

Commotio Cordis

  • cause
  • what
  • survival rate
  • Tx
A 
blunt trauma to the chest
immediate cardiac arrest
survival rate: 15% (60)
Tx
-defibrillation
17
Q

blow to the solar plexus

  • what
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
"getting the wind knocked out of you"
a direct blow will momentarily paralyze the diaphragm and impair breathing
S/S
-abdominal pain
-fear/anxiety
-difficulty breathing
Tx
-loosen clothing
-calm and reassure the athlete
-instruct: long inspirations, short expirations
18
Q

hyperventilation

A

control the rate at which CO2 is lost from the body
breathe into paper bag
breathe in through nose (one nostril)

19
Q

abdominal strain

  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
MOI
-violent contraction, trunk twisting, repetitive motion
S/S
-pain
-spasm
-palpable tenderness
Tx
-rest
-low-level strengthening
-treat symptoms
20
Q

femoral hernia

  • what
  • femoral canal
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
what
-protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the femoral canal
femoral canal
-opening through which the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatic vessels pass
S/S
-bulge or mass
-discomfort
Tx
-refer
21
Q 
inguinal hernia
-what
-inguinal canal
-more common in
S/S
-Tx
A 
protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the inguinal canal
inguinal canal
-inferior aspect of the abdominal cavity, superior to the inguinal ligament
-more common in males
S/S
-bulge or mass
-discomfort
-pain with coughing or Valsalva
Tx
-refer
22
Q

kidney contusion

  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
MOI
-severe blow to the low back
S/S
-deep ache in the low back
-possible muscle guarding
-pain may wrap to anterior lower abdomen
-nausea and vomiting
-hematuria
Tx
-refer immediately
-911 if they display S/S of shock
23
Q

splenic rupture

  • what
  • most vulnerable when
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
most common death due to abdominal trauma in athletics
most vulnerable after systemic illness
MOI
-direct blow to the LUQ or a hard fall
S/S
-LUQ pain
-nausea and vomiting
-shock
-abdominal rigidity
-rebound tenderness
-Kehr's Sign
--pain in L shoulder radiating down into L arm
Tx
-911
24
Q

appendicitis

  • what
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
what
-rupture of the appendix
S/S
-lower abdominal tenderness
-nausea and vomiting
-fever
-rebound tenderness
-McBurney's Point
Tx
-refer immediately
25
Q

kidney stones

  • what
  • size range
  • risk factors
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
what
-"stones" - formed by crystals of uric acid, struvite, or calcium
range
-1 mm - 2.5 cm
risk factors
-family history
-stress
-hypertension
-high protein or sodium intake
S/S
-pain in the left or right side
-pain during urination
Tx
-referral
26
Q

urinary tract infections (UTIs)

  • what
  • S/S
  • DDx
A 
bacterial infection in the bladder
S/S
-acute low back pain
-dysuria (pain)
-lower abdominal pain
-urine abnormalities
-fever
DDx
-ask more questions
27
Q

testicular contusion

  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
MOI
-direct blow
S/S
-immediate intense pain
Tx
-calming the athlete
-regulating breathing
-have athlete examine for abnormalities
-any swelling or rupture should be referred
28
Q

testicular torsion

  • what
  • MOI
  • S/S
  • Tx
A 
torsion of the spermatic cord
MOI
-direct blow
-jarring movement
S/S
-acute onset pain
-localized swelling of the testicle
-one testicle being higher than the other
Tx
-immediate referral

Uppers (8 decks)

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