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Anatomy Spotters > Upperlimb > Flashcards

Upperlimb Flashcards

1
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin:
Lower half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion
On anterior surface of coronoid process of ulna including ulnar tuberosity.

Nerve
Mostly musculocutaneous nerve and also by radial nerve in lateral

Action
Flexion of forearm in all positions

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2
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin
Long head: from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head:from Coracoid process of scapula.

Insertion
Both head join to form a belly and the tendon attached to posterior part of radial tuberosity.

Nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve.

Action
Supination of forearm when elbow is flexed
Flexion of forearm when elbow is extended

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3
Q

Parts of deltoid

A

Anterior unipinnate part
Posterior unipinnate part
Middle multipinnate part

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4
Q

Origin of deltoid

A

Anterior part: upper and anterior border of lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
Middle part: Lateral margin of acromion
Posterior part: lower lip of crest of spine of scapula

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5
Q

Insertion of deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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6
Q

Nerve supply of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

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7
Q

Root value of axillary nerve

A

C5 and C6

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8
Q

Action of deltoid

A

Anterior unipinnate: Flexion and medial rotation
Posterior unipinnate: extension and lateral rotation
Middle(acromial fibre): abduction of arm from 15 to 90

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9
Q

Intramuscular injection in the deltoid

A

It should be given in the lateral aspect of deltoid 2.5-5 cm below acromion process to avoid injury to axillary nerve.

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10
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin
From the back of lateral epicondyle by a separate tendon other than common extensor tendon

Insertion
Lateral side of olecranon process and upper fourth of posterior surface of ulna

Nerve
Nerve to anconeus

Action
Weak extensor of elbow joint

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11
Q

Origin of triceps brachii

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Above spiral groove in the posterior part of shaft of humerus.
Medial head: below spiral groove in the posterior part of shaft of humerus.

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12
Q

Insertion of triceps

A

Posterior part of superior surface of olecranon process of ulna

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13
Q

Nerve supply of triceps

A

Radial nerve
Nerve to long head arises from radial nerve in axilla
Nerve to lateral head arises from radial nerve in radial groove
Nerve to medial head arises from radial nerve in radial groove through nerve to anconeus

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14
Q

Action of triceps

A

Powerful extensor of elbow joint

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15
Q

Injury to radial nerve in radial groove

A

Extension of elbow and triceps reflex not completely lost because nerve to long head arises from radial nerve in axilla.

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16
Q

Supinator

A

Origin
Supinator crest of ulna

Insertion
Upper 1/3rd of lateral surface of radius

Nerve
Radial nerve and posterior interosseus nerve

Action
Supination of forearm

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17
Q

Serattus anterior

A

Origin
A series of eight digitations
First digitation arise from first and second ribs
All other digitation arise from corresponding ribs

Insertion
Costal surface of scapula along medial border.
First digitation - superior angle
Next two- medial border
Lower five- inferior angle of scapula

Nerve
Long thoracic nerve

Action
Powerful protractor of scapula

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18
Q

Winging of scapula

A

Paralysis of serratus anterior due to injury to long thoracic nerve.

Protraction of scapula for punching is weakened.

Inferior angle and medial border of scapula becomes unduly prominent when the person pushes against the wall. This condition is called winging of scapula.

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19
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin
Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Nerve
Suprascapular nerve

Action
Initiates abduction of arm up to 15

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20
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin
Lower 1/4th of anterior surface of ulna

Insertion
Lower 1/4th of anterior surface of radius

Nerve
Anterior interosseous nerve

Action
Chief pronator of forearm

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21
Q

Course of cephalic vein

A

It starts from lateral part of dorsal venous arch of hand.
It crosses the roof of anatomical snuff box.
Passes upward through radial part of forearm.
passes lateral border of biceps brachii.
Finally pierces the deep fascia exactly at the lower border of pectoralis major.
It passes through the deltopectoral groove till infraclavicular fossa.
It the pierces clavipectoral fascia and drains to first part of axillary vein to form subclavian vein.

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22
Q

How blood from cephalic vein reach basilic vein

A

A large amount of blood is shunted to basilic vein through median cubical vein.

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23
Q

Cephalic vein is accompanied by

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

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24
Q

Speciality of cephalic vein

A

It is known as preaxial vein of upper limb and corresponds to great saphenous vein of lower limb

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25
Q

Course of basilic vein

A

Starts at medial border of dorsal venous arch.
Passes through back of medial part and then enters the anterior part of forearm and moves above through medial border of biceps.
It pierces the deep fascia and opens to brachial veins to become continuous with axillary vein at lower border of trees major.

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26
Q

Which nerve is preferred for cardiac catheterisation

A

Basilic vein

27
Q

Origin of palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor origin

28
Q

Insertion of palmaris longus

A

It passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and terminates in palmar aponeurosis

29
Q

Nerve of Palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

30
Q

Action of palmaris longus

A

It flexes wrist and makes palmar aponeurosis tense

31
Q

Where is palmar interissei attached

A

Metacarpal bones

32
Q

Palmar interossei helps in

A

Adduction of fingers

33
Q

Palmar interossei uni or bipinnate

A

Unipinnate

34
Q

Origin and insertion of first palmar interossei

A

Origin
Medial aspect of first metacarpal

Insertion
Medial aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb and dorsal digital expansion

35
Q

2nd palmar interossei

A

Origin
Medial aspect of 2nd metacarpal

Insertion
Medial part of proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion

36
Q

3rd palmar interossei

A

Origin
Lateral aspect of fourth metacarpal

Insertion
Proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion of ring finger

37
Q

4th palmar interossei

A

Origin
Lateral aspect of 5th metacarpal

Insertion
Proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion of little fingers

38
Q

Additional muscle which helps to adductor the thumb

A

Adductor pollicis
It has oblique head which arises from second and third metacarpal
And transverse head which arises from third metacarpal.

39
Q

Nerve supply of palmar interossei

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

40
Q

All dorsal interossei are uni or bipinnate

A

Bipinnate

41
Q

Dorsal interossei helps in

A

Abduction

42
Q

Dorsal interossei helps in

A

Abduction

43
Q

Dorsal interossei helps in

A

Abduction

44
Q

1st dorsal interossei

A

Origin
Adjacent sides of first and second metacarpal

Insertion
Lateral side of proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion of index finger

45
Q

2nd interossei

A

Origin
From adjacent side of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

Insertion
Lateral aspect of proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion of middle finger

46
Q

3rd dorsal interossei

A

Origin
From adjacent sides of 3rd and 4th metacarpal

Insertion
Medial aspect of proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion of middle finger

47
Q

4th dorsal interossei

A

Origin
Adjacent side of 4th and 5th metacarpal

Insertion
Medial aspect of proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion of ring finger

48
Q

Origin of lumbricals

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2
Unipinnate
Lateral side of lateral two tendons of fdp

Lumbricals 3 and 4
Bipinnate
Adjacent sides of medial 3 tendons of fdp

49
Q

Insertion of lumbricals

A

The tendon cross metacarpophalangeal joint and attach to lateral part of dorsal digital expansion of corresponding digits from 2 to 5

50
Q

Nerve supply of lumbricals

A

First 2 lumbricals is by median nerve
3 and 4 lumbricals by deep branch of ulnar nerve

51
Q

Anatomical snuff box

A

Posterolateraly
Tendon of abductor pollicis longus
Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Posteromedially
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

Floor: scaphoid and trapezium

Roof: skin and superficial fascia

Content: Radial artery

Pulsation of radial artery can be felt in snuff box

52
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa

A

Laterally
Medial boundary of brachioradialis

Medially
Lateral boundary of pronator trees

Base
Imaginary line joining the epicondyle of humerus

Apex
Meeting point

Floor
Brachialis above and Supinator below

Roof
Deep fascia and bacipital aponeurosis in the medial side

53
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

MBBS

From medial to lateral

Median nerve
Brachial artery
Tendon of biceps brachii
Superficial branch of radial nerve

54
Q

Applied aspect of cubital fossa

A

Median cubital vein for IV and blood samples
Brachial pulse

55
Q

Root value of musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5 C6 C7

56
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve continues as

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

57
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve continues as

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

58
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve continues as

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

59
Q

Origin of axillary artery

A

Outer part of first rib as a continuation of subclavian artery

60
Q

Origin of axillary artery

A

Outer part of first rib as a continuation of subclavian artery

61
Q

Origin of axillary artery

A

Outer part of first rib as a continuation of subclavian artery

62
Q

Termination of axillary artery

A

By becoming brachial artery at lower border of there major

63
Q

Termination of axillary artery

A

By becoming brachial artery at lower border of there major

64
Q

How is axilary artery divided

A

Into 3 parts by pectoralis minor
First part superior to muscle
Second part posterior to muscle
Third part inferior to muscle

First part : superior thoracic artery
Second part: lateral thoracic artery and thoracic acromial artery
Third part: subscapular anterior and posterior circumflex numeral.

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