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RADR1311 > UpperExtremity > Flashcards

UpperExtremity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anatomy of interest for all projections of digits 2-5

A

distal phalanx; enough anatomy to know which digit is imaged; MCP joint included

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2
Q

routine projections for digits 2-5

A

pa, pa oblique, and lateral

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3
Q

central ray for digits 2-5

A

perpendicular; entering PIP joint of digit being examined

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4
Q

collimation for digits 2-5

A

1 inch on all sides of digit of interest, including 1 inch proximal to MCP joint

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5
Q

what is the degree of rotation on a pa oblique for digits 2-5?

A

45*

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6
Q

name the routine projections for digit 1

A

ap, pa oblique, and lateral

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7
Q

central ray for digit 1 projections

A

perpendicular; entering MCP joint of 1st digit

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8
Q

collimation for 1st digit (all projections)

A

1 inch on all sides of digit, including 1 inch proximal to CMC joint

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9
Q

anatomy of interest for 1st digit (all projections)

A

distal phalanx; CMC joint

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10
Q

central ray for 1st digit

A

perpendicular; entering MCP joint of 1st digit

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11
Q

what structures should be superimposed when imaging 1st digit

A

none

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12
Q

in a lateral projection of the 1st digit, the anterior surface of the proximal phalanx is ______________ (convex/concave)

A

concave

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13
Q

which projection of the 1st digit has the hand in extreme internal rotation?

A

AP

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14
Q

name the 3 routine projections for imaging the hand

A

pa, pa oblique, lateral (fan)

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15
Q

central ray for hand (all projections)

A

pa & pa oblique: perpendicular to the 3rd MCP joint
fan lateral: perpendicular to the 2nd MCP joint

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16
Q

T/F: the proximal end of the radius and ulna are included in projections of the hand

A

False - distal end of the radius and ulna are included in projections of the hand

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17
Q

what anatomy is superimposed on a fan lateral projection of the hand

A

metacarpals and distal radius & ulna

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18
Q

this projection should include a slight overlap of the metacarpal heads and bases

A

pa oblique of the hand

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19
Q

collimation for all hand projections

A

1 inch on all sides including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

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20
Q

how do you ensure IP and MCP joint spaces will be open?

A

fully extend digits

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21
Q

what criteria demonstrates a good PA projection of the digits

A

equal concavity on both sides of the long bone, equal width of soft tissue on both sides

22
Q

name the 3 routine projections for the wrist

A

pa, pa oblique, lateral

23
Q

this carpal bone is known for being the most frequently fractured

A

scaphoid

24
Q

anatomy of interest on wrist projections

A

proximal half of metacarpals, carpals, distal radius and ulna

25
Q

how can the carpals be brought closer to the IR for a PA wrist projection?

A

gently fold the fingers into a loose fist

26
Q

T/F: there should be a slight overlap of the radius and ulna in a PA oblique wrist

A

true

27
Q

these structures should be superimposed in a lateral wrist

A

metacarpals; radius & ulna

28
Q

to what degree should the elbow be flexed for a lateral wrist projection

A

90*

29
Q

name the routine projections for the forearm

A

ap, lateral

30
Q

collimation for forearm (all projections)

A

2 inches distal to wrist, 2 inches proximal to elbow; 1 inch on sides

31
Q

central ray for forearm (all projections)

A

perpendicular to midpoint of forearm

32
Q

for a lateral forearm, the radial tuberosity should be facing _____________

A

anteriorly

33
Q

in an AP forearm projection, should the elbow joint be open, partially open, or closed?

A

partially open

34
Q

anatomy of interest for forearm (all projections)

A

wrist, radius & ulna, distal humerus

35
Q

what superimpositions should be seen in a lateral forearm projection?

A

radius & ulna at distal end; radial head over the olecranon process; humeral epicondyles

36
Q

name the routine projections for the elbow

A

ap, lateral

37
Q

collimation for elbow (all projections)

A

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint

38
Q

central ray for elbow (all projections)

A

perpendicular to the elbow joint

39
Q

in a lateral elbow projection, the radial tuberosity should be facing this direction

A

anteriorly

40
Q

T/F the humeral epicondyles should be superimposed on lateral elbow

A

true

41
Q

for AP projections of forearm and elbow, how can you ensure the part is a true AP

A

have patient lean laterally to fully supinate the arm

42
Q

for AP projections of forearm and elbow, how can you ensure the part is a true AP

A

have patient lean laterally to fully supinate the arm

43
Q

what is the SID for upper extremity projections

A

40”

44
Q

for AP projections of forearm and elbow, how can you ensure the part is a true AP

A

have patient lean laterally to fully supinate the arm

45
Q

for lateral projections of the fingers, what determines whether a lateromedial or mediolateral is performed?

A

proximity or closeness to the IR to reduce magnification

46
Q

how many phalanges comprise the thumb and the digits?

A

14

47
Q

for the projections of the thumb, digits, and hand, why should the fingers be fully extended?

A

to open the joint spaces

48
Q

what is the benefit of the “fan lateral” position for the lateral projection of the hand?

A

demonstrates individual phalanges

49
Q

for PA projections of the wrist, what is the benefit of flexing the fingers?

A

place carpals in direct contact with the IR

50
Q

what are the primary reasons for flexing the elbow 90 degrees for the lateral elbow projection?

A

puts the olecranon process in profile and fat pads are least compressed

51
Q

for the lateral projections of the elbow and forearm, why should the patient be seated close and low enough to the x-ray table?

A

puts the arm in the same plane

RADR1311 (3 decks)

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