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CP3 = Respiratory System Diseases > Upper Respiratory Tract Infection > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What type of flora is Streptococcus Viridans?

A

Normal URT Flora

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2
Q

What type of flora is Neisseria spp?

A

Normal URT Flora

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3
Q

What type of flora are diptheroids?

A

Normal URT Flora

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4
Q

What type of flora are anaerobes?

A

Normal URT Flora

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5
Q

How can respiratory pathogens be carried in the body?

A

Asymptomatic

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6
Q

What type of pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Respiratory

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7
Q

What type of pathogen is Moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

What type of pathogen is Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Respiratory

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9
Q

Is the common cold viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

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10
Q

What common cold virus is especially viral?

A

Rhinovirus

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11
Q

What should you never use to treat the common cold?

A

Antibiotics

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12
Q

What is Rhinosinusitis?

A

Inflammation in one or more paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

How is Rhinosinusitis caused?

A 
Post viral inflammation:
> Streptococcus pneumonia
> Haemophilius Influenzae
> Streptococcus milleri
> Anaerobes
> Fungal
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Rhinosinusitis?

A

> Runny nose
Blocked nose
Loss of sense of smell

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15
Q

What are the chronic sinus complications of Rhinosinusitis?

A

> Osteomyelitis
Meningitis
Cerebral abscesses

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16
Q

How are Rhinosinusitis complications imaged?

A

X-ray, CT or MRI. Sinus washout

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17
Q

How is Rhinosinusitis treated?

A

If Viral = NO ANTI’Bs

If bacterial = ANTI’Bs

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18
Q

What bacteria primarily causes Pharyngitis/tonsillitis?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

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19
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of Pharyngitis/tonsillitis?

A 
> Headache
> Red uvular/tonsillar area
> Dysphagia 
> Fever 
> Lymphadenopathy
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20
Q

In whom is Group A streptococcal infection common in?

A

Children

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21
Q

What complications occur in Group A streptococcal infection?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis/Rheumatic fever/ Scarlet fever.

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22
Q

How is RF in Group A streptococcal infections prevented?

A

Using penicillin

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23
Q

What virus is responsible for infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

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24
Q

What complications can infectious mononucleosis cause?

A

Splenic rupture

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25
Q

What should be avoided in infectious mononucleosis?

A

Ampicillin

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26
Q

What is the characteristic sign of Diptheria?

A

Bulls throat (swollen)

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27
Q

What three things can be used to treat Diptheria?

A

> Erythromycin
Penicillin
Antitoxin

28
Q

Why may epiglottis be a medical emergency?

A

It may close off the trachea.

29
Q

What is the presentation of epiglottitis?

A

Cellulitis of epiglottis - airway obstruction.

30
Q

In whom is epiglottitis most prevalent?

A

Child 2-4 years.

31
Q

What are the symptoms of epiglottitis?

A 
> Fever
> Drooling
> Irritableness
> Dysphagia
> Dysarthria
> Stridor 
> Hoarseness
32
Q

What would a lateral neck X ray in epiglottitis show?

A

An enlarged epiglottis

33
Q

What was the aetiology of epiglottitis before immunisation?

A

Haemophilius Influenzae type B

34
Q

What is Cefotaxime used to treat?

A

Epiglottitis

35
Q

How does Acute Laryngitis present?

A 
> Hoarse/husky voice
> Globus pharynges (feeling of lump in throat) 
> Dysphagia
> Myalgia
> Fever
36
Q

What bacteria causes Whooping cough?

A

Bordatella Pertussis

37
Q

What type of bacteria is Bordatella pertussis?

A

Gram -ve, coccobacillus.

38
Q

How long is the incubation period for whooping cough?

A

1-3 weeks

39
Q

What are the initial symptoms of Whooping cough?

A

> Fever
Malaise
Runny nose

40
Q

What are the later symptoms of Whooping cough?

A

> Dry non productive cough

> Whooping/paroxysms

41
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat Whooping cough?

A

Erythromycin

42
Q

What are the complications of Whooping cough ?

A

> Otitis Media
Convulsions
Secondary pneumonia
Subconjunctival haemorrhage

43
Q

How can Whooping cough be prevented?

A

Immunisation

44
Q

What is Otitis Externa (OE)?

A

Infection of the external ear canal

45
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis Externa (OE)?

A 
> Pain
> Itching
> Swelling
> Erythema
> Otorrhoea (ear discharge)
46
Q

What infection do S.Aureus and Pseudomonas Spp cause?

A

Acute Otitis Externa

47
Q

What is the treatment of Acute Otitis Externa?

A

> Wick into ear

> Topical drops - antifungals etc

48
Q

What can Chronic Otitis Externa lead to?

A

Perforated Tympanic membrane

49
Q

What are the symptoms of Chronic Otitis Externa?

A

> Itchy

> Irritation from drainage.

50
Q

What are some of the contraindications for Chronic Otitis Externa?

A

Avoid aminoglycosides.

51
Q

What bacteria causes malignant Otitis Externa?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

52
Q

Who is affected by malignant Otitis Externa?

A

> Elderly
Diabetics
Immunosuppressed

53
Q

What are the symptoms of malignant Otitis Externa?

A

Pain and otorrhoea

54
Q

Where may malignant OE invade?

A

Bone, cartilage and blood vessels.

55
Q

What does malignant OE have to infect to become life threatening?

A

> Meninges
Base of skull
Temporal bone
Brain

56
Q

What is used to initially treat malignant Otitis Externa?

A

Ceftazidime

57
Q

What is used after Ceftazidime to treat malignant OE?

A

Ciprofloxacin

58
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

Middle ear infection

59
Q

How does Otitis Media present?

A

Fluid in the middle ear.

60
Q

In whom is Otitis Media common?

A

Children

61
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis Media?

A

> Impaired hearing
Fever
Pain
Red, bulging tympanic membrane

62
Q

What three viruses can cause Otitis Media? (Hint: Shakin ma head)

A

> S. Pneumoniae
M. Catarrhalis
H. Influenzae

63
Q

What is Mastoiditis?

A

Mastoid air cell infection secondary to middle ear infection.

64
Q

How does Mastoiditis present?

A

Pus collects in cells, may –> bone necrosis.

65
Q

What are the symptoms of Mastoiditis?

A

> Acute otitis media

> Mastoid pain and swelling

66
Q

How is mastoiditis treated?

A

> If gram -ve’s use Co-amoxiclav.

CP3 = Respiratory System Diseases (4 decks)

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