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UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION > UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION > Flashcards

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

is an inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose
may be acute or chronic, and allergic or nonallergic

A

RHINITIS

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2
Q

2 Classification of allergic Rhinitis

A
  1. Seasonal
  2. perrenial
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3
Q

What is a pollen allergic rhinitis?

A

Pollen Season

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4
Q

What is a perrenial allergic rhinitis?

A

through out the years

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5
Q

Rhinitis variety factors

A
  • ## changes in temperature or humidityOdors
    -Infection
    -Age
    -systemic disease
  • use of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescribed nasal decongestants
  • presence of a foreign body
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6
Q

Foods that allows allergic rhinitis to occur: (exposure to allergens)

A
  • peanuts
  • walnuts
  • Brazil nuts
  • wheat
  • shellfish
  • soy
  • cow’s milk
  • eggs
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7
Q

Medications that allows allergic rhinitis to occur:

A
  • penicillin
  • sulfa medications
  • aspirin
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8
Q

clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis:

A
  1. rhinorrhea (excessive nasal drainage, runny nose)
  2. nasal congestion
  3. nasal discharge (purulent with bacterial rhinitis)
  4. sneezing
  5. pruritus of the nose, roof of the mouth, throat, eyes, and ears
  6. Headache may occur, particularly if rhinosinusitis is also present
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9
Q

mOst common treatment of allergic rhinitis

A

Antihistamines

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10
Q

for nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis

A

oral decongestants

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11
Q

Solution used in allergic rhinitis

A

Saline nasal spray

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12
Q

Severe congestion

A

Intra nasal corticosteroids

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13
Q

Patients education in allergic rhinitis

A
  • Avoid or reduce exposure to allergens and irritants
  • Instruct the importance of controlling the environment at home and at work
  • Review hand hygiene technique in case of infection
  • Review the importance of influenza vaccination each year – older adults and high risk populations
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14
Q

Most frequent viral infection in the general population. Also known as common cold

A

VIRAL RHINITIS

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15
Q

Refers to an infectious, acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity

A

COMMON COLD

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16
Q

VIRAL RHINITIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY:

A
  • nasal congestion
  • rhinorrhea
  • sneezing
  • sore throat
  • general malaise
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17
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VIRAL RHINITIS

A
  1. low-grade fever
  2. nasal congestion
  3. rhinorrhea and nasal discharge
  4. halitosis
  5. sneezing
  6. tearing watery eyes, “scratchy” or sore throat
  7. general malaise
  8. Chills
  9. headache and muscle aches
18
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF VIRAL RHINITIS: (SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY)

A
  1. adequate fluid intake
  2. Rest
  3. prevention of chilling
  4. expectorants as needed
  5. Warm salt-water gargles soothe the sore throat
  6. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  7. Antihistamines
  8. Petroleum jelly can soothe irritated, chapped, and raw skin around the nares
19
Q

An inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity

A

RHINOSINUSITIS (SINUSITIS)

20
Q

2 CLASSIFICATION OF RHINOSINUSISTIS

A
  1. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS)
  2. Acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS)
21
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ABRS

A
  1. purulent nasal drainage (anterior, posterior, or both)
  2. nasal obstruction or a combination of facial pain, pressure, or a sense of fullness
  3. cloudy or colored nasal discharge congestio
  4. blockage, or stuffiness
22
Q

GOAL OF ABRS (MEDICAL MANAGEMNT)

A
  1. to shrink the nasal mucosa
  2. relieve pain
  3. treat infection
  4. antibiotic - Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
  5. Intranasal saline lavage
23
Q

an inflammation of the larynx, often occurs as a result of voice abuse or exposure to dust, chemicals, smoke, and other pollutants or as part of a URI

A

LARYNGITIS

24
Q

LARYNGITIS IS CAUSED BY:

A
  1. isolated infection involving only the vocal cords
  2. gastroesophageal reflux (referred to as reflux laryngitis).
25
Q

AVRS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OR GOAL

A
  1. Nasal saline lavage
  2. Decongestants
26
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF LARYNGITIS

A
  • hoarseness or aphonia (loss of voice)
  • severe cough
27
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGITIS

A
  1. resting the voice
  2. avoiding irritants (including smoking)
  3. resting and inhaling cool steam or an aerosol.
28
Q

NURSING MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGITIS:

A
  1. rest the voice
  2. maintain a well humidified environment
  3. expectorant
  4. daily fluid intake of 2 to 3 L - thin secretions
  5. proton pump inhibitors
    using continuous positive airway therapy at bedtime
29
Q

is a sudden painful inflammation of the pharynx, the back portion of the throat that includes the posterior third of the tongue, soft palate, and tonsils.

A

ACUTE PHARYNGITIS (SORE THROAT)

30
Q

CAUSES OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

A
  • groups B and G streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and HIV
  • group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)/group A streptococcus (GAS) or streptococcal pharyngitis.
31
Q

RESPONSIBLE VIRUSES OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

A
  1. adenovirus
  2. influenza virus
32
Q

BARR VIRUS

A

EPSTEIN

33
Q

Bacterial infection accounts for the remainder of cases

A

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

34
Q

pain, fever, vasodilation, edema, tissue damage
(redness, and swelling in the tonsillar pillars, uvula and soft palate

A

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

35
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTIONS OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

A
  1. fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
  2. lymphoid follicles that are swollen and flecked with white-purple exudate
  3. enlarged and tender cervical lymph nodes, and no cough
  4. Fever (higher than 38.3°C [101°F])
  5. Malaise
  6. sore throat
36
Q

uses swabs that collect specimen from posterior pharynx and tonsils
-90-95% sensitive

A

RAPID ANTIGEN DETECTION TESTING (RADT)

37
Q

DIAGNOSTIC OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

A

THROAT CULTURE

38
Q

SUPPORTIVE MEASURES OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS (MEDICAL MANAGEMENT)

A

VIRAL PHARYNGITIS

39
Q

penicillin (treatment of choice), cephalosporins
and macrolides (MEDICAL MANAGEMENT)

A

BACTERIAL PHARYNGITIS

40
Q

WHAT IS THE NUTRITIONAL THERAPY OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

A

LIQUID OR SOFT DIET

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION (1 decks)

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