Upper Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
What do the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles attach to posteriorly?
Pharyngeal raphe
Which nerve innervates the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?
Vagus nerve (x)
What is the function of the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?
Constriction of the pharynx
What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the neck?
Stylopharyngeus, salpinogopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus
What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the neck?
Elevate the pharyngeal wall or pull the pharyngeal wall upwards during swallowing
which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
glossopharyngeal nerve
which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus muscle?
vagus nerve
what are the fascia that line the muscles of the neck?
buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior - outer) and pharyngobasilar fascia (anterior - inner)
what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
in order from top to bottom:
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
which bones line the nasopharynx?
posterior part of the sphenoid bone and basal part of the occipital bone
what are the two functions of the palatopharyngeal muscles?
- elevating the pharynx
2. closing the oropharyngeal isthmus by lowering the palate and moving the palatopharyngeal fold towards the midline
what are the adenoids?
adenoids are an enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the mucosa layer of the roof of the nasopharynx). adenoids occlude the nasopharynx, making breathing only possible through the oral cavity
what features are present on the lateral surfaces of the nasopharynx?
- Pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
- mucosal folds covering the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube and adjacent muscles
what is the anatomical location of the oropharynx?
It is posterior to the oral cavity, inferior to level of the soft palate and superior to upper margin of the epiglottis
which folds (arches) mark the boundary between the oropharynx and the oral cavity?
palatoglossal folds (arches)
What is the opening between the palatoglossal folds called?
oropharyngeal isthumus
what forms the anterior part of the oropharynx?
oropharyngeal isthumus, posterior one third of the tongue (which has lymphatic tissue)
what happens when food/water is in the oral cavity?
closing of the ororpharyngeal isthmus by depression of the soft palate, elevation of the back of the tongue and movement towards the midline of the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
what happens when food/water is swallowed?
opening of the oropharyngeal isthmus, elevation of the soft palate, closing of the laryngeal cavity.
