Upper Respiratory Anatomy

Question 0

What do the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles attach to posteriorly?

Answer 0

Pharyngeal raphe

Question 1

Which nerve innervates the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?

Answer 1

Vagus nerve (x)

Question 2

What is the function of the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?

Answer 2

Constriction of the pharynx

Question 3

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the neck?

Answer 3

Stylopharyngeus, salpinogopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus

Question 4

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the neck?

Answer 4

Elevate the pharyngeal wall or pull the pharyngeal wall upwards during swallowing

Question 5

which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 5

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 6

which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 6

vagus nerve

Question 7

what are the fascia that line the muscles of the neck?

Answer 7

buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior - outer) and pharyngobasilar fascia (anterior - inner)

Question 8

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 8

in order from top to bottom:

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx

Question 9

which bones line the nasopharynx?

Answer 9

posterior part of the sphenoid bone and basal part of the occipital bone

Question 10

what are the two functions of the palatopharyngeal muscles?

Answer 10

1. elevating the pharynx

2. closing the oropharyngeal isthmus by lowering the palate and moving the palatopharyngeal fold towards the midline

Question 11

what are the adenoids?

Answer 11

adenoids are an enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the mucosa layer of the roof of the nasopharynx). adenoids occlude the nasopharynx, making breathing only possible through the oral cavity

Question 12

what features are present on the lateral surfaces of the nasopharynx?

Answer 12

1. Pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
2. mucosal folds covering the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube and adjacent muscles

Question 13

what is the anatomical location of the oropharynx?

Answer 13

It is posterior to the oral cavity, inferior to level of the soft palate and superior to upper margin of the epiglottis

Question 14

which folds (arches) mark the boundary between the oropharynx and the oral cavity?

Answer 14

palatoglossal folds (arches)

Question 15

What is the opening between the palatoglossal folds called?

Answer 15

oropharyngeal isthumus

Question 16

what forms the anterior part of the oropharynx?

Answer 16

oropharyngeal isthumus, posterior one third of the tongue (which has lymphatic tissue)

Question 17

what happens when food/water is in the oral cavity?

Answer 17

closing of the ororpharyngeal isthmus by depression of the soft palate, elevation of the back of the tongue and movement towards the midline of the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Question 18

what happens when food/water is swallowed?

Answer 18

opening of the oropharyngeal isthmus, elevation of the soft palate, closing of the laryngeal cavity.