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303: Neurology > Upper Motor Neuron > Flashcards

Upper Motor Neuron Flashcards

0
Q

Where are the cell bodies of UMN located?

A

Cerebral cortex or brain stem

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1
Q

What is an upper motor neuron?

A

A first order neuron in control of movement (efferent fibres)

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2
Q

Where in the spinal cord do UMN descending tracts synapse with the lower motor neurons?

A

Ventral horn of grey matter

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3
Q

What is the function of motor UMN from the cortex?

A

Initiating, maintaining, planning sequences of voluntary movements

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4
Q

What is the function of the UMN from the brain stem?

A

Regulation of muscle tone, control of posture and basic navigational movements

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5
Q

What are the two forms of movement?

A

Voluntary, conscious, skilled movement

Postural, antigravity muscle tone

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of voluntary, skilled movements?

A

Learned movements
Mediated mainly by flexor muscles
Discrete contraction of a few muscle groups distant to spinal cord (extremities)

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of postural, antigravity muscle tone?

A

Subconscious and involuntary
Mediated by extensor muscles
Contraction of larger groups located closer to spinal cord (trunk/proximal limb)

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8
Q

What is the role of the ventromedial UMN tracts?

A

Maintenance of balance and posture

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9
Q

What are the ventromedial UMN tracts?

A

Vestibulospinal tract

Reticulospinal tract

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10
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

Medial: adjusts head/neck position in response to changes in posture
Lateral: activate LMN of trunk and limbs to facilitate extensors (inhibit flexors)

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11
Q

What is the function of the medial vestibulospinal tract?

A

Adjusts head/neck position in response to changes in posture

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12
Q

What is the function of the medial vestibulospinal tract?

A

Activate LMN of trunk and limbs to facilitate extensors (inhibit flexors)

Also receives input from vestibular apparatus

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13
Q

Where does the vestibulospinal tract originate?

A

Vestibular nuclei

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14
Q

Describe the course of the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

A

Originates in vestibular nuclei

Descends ipsilaterally through the

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15
Q

Describe the course of the medial vestibulospinal tract?

A

Originates in vestibular nuclei

Descends bilaterally through the

16
Q

What are the two reticulospinal tracts?

A

Medullary (lateral) and Pontine (medial)

17
Q

What are the functions of the reticulospinal tract?

A

Coordinates axial and proximal limb muscles
Mediate autonomic activity
Pain modulation

18
Q

Where does the reticulospinal tract originate?

A

Reticular formation (projections from cortex)

19
Q

What is the function of the medullary reticulospinal tract?

A

Suppresses extensor spinal reflex activity

20
Q

What is the function of the pontine reticulospinal tract?

A

Facilitates extensor spinal reflex activity

21
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Controls axial musculature of neck

Reflexive coordination of head and eye movements in response to visual/auditory stimuli

22
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract originate?

A

Colliculi (superior) in visual tectum of midbrain

23
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract project to?

A

Cervical and thoracic spinal cords

24
Q

Describe the course of the tectospinal tract

A

Originate at the

25
Q

What is the function of the dorsolateral UMN tract?

A

Voluntary movement

26
Q

What are the tracts that comprise the dorsolateral UMN tracts?

A

Coricospinal tracts
Corticobulbar tract
Rubroslinal tract

27
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts?

A

Voluntary movement
Corticobulbar: innervates cranial nerve nuclei (face)
Indirect projections: proximal muscles
Direct projections: distal muscle, speed/agility (precise finger movements)

28
Q

Describe the course of the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

**

29
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Fascilitates contra lateral flexors of the upper limb

30
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract originate?

A

Red nucleus in the midbrain

31
Q

Describe the course of the rubrospinal tract

A

Red nucleus

Immediate decussation

32
Q

What are the clinical features of UMN syndrome?

A

Paresis/paralysis
Hypertonic
Spacicity
Hyperflexia

303: Neurology (7 decks)

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