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Anatomy of the Limbs > Upper limbs > Flashcards

Upper limbs Flashcards

1
Q

For the Muscle: Abductor digiti minimi

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Origin: Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Insertion: medial side of proximal phalynx of 5th digit

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Main actions: Abducts 5th digit

Blood supply: Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

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2
Q

For the Muscle: Abductor pollicis brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Abductor pollicis brevis:

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Median Nerve

Main actions: Abducts thumb

Blood supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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3
Q

For the Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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4
Q

For the Muscle: Adductor pollicis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Adductor pollicis:

Origin: Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate and adjacent bones
Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch

Main actions: Adducts thumb

Blood supply: Deep palmar arch

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5
Q

For the Muscle: Anconeus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Anconeus:

Origin: Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon and posterior proximal ulna

Innervation: Radial nerve (C5–T1)

Main actions: Assists triceps in extending elbow, abducts ulna in pronation

Blood supply: Deep brachial artery

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6
Q

For the Muscle: Biceps brachii

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Biceps brachii:

Origin: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)

Main actions: Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

Blood supply: Muscular branches of brachial artery

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7
Q

For the Muscle: Brachialis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Brachialis

Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve (C7)

Main actions: Flexes forearm at elbow

Blood supply: Radial recurrent artery, muscular branches of brachial artery

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8
Q

For the Muscle: Brachioradialis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Brachioradialis:

Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Lateral side of distal end of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

Main actions: Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated

Blood supply: Radial recurrent artery

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9
Q

For the Muscle: Brachioradialis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Brachioradialis:

Origin: Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Middle third of medial surface of humerus

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Main actions: Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

Blood supply: Muscular branches of brachial artery

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10
Q

For the Muscle: Deltoid

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Deltoid:

Origin: Lateral third of anterior clavicle, lateral acromion, inferior edge of spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Main actions: Clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial part: abducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees done by supraspinatus
Spinal part: extends and laterally rotates arm

Blood supply: Posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoraco-acromial artery

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11
Q

For the Muscle: Dorsal interosseous muscles

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Dorsal interosseous muscles:

Origin: Adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of digits 2–4

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Abduct digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit); flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints

Blood supply: Deep palmar arch

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12
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal and slip to 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: Radial artery, radial recurrent artery

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13
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor carpi radialis longus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus:

Origin: Distal third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve

Main actions: Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: Radial artery, radial recurrent artery

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14
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris:

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

Insertion: Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Extends and adducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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15
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor digiti minimi

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor digiti minimi:

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Extensor expansion of 5th digit

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous

Main actions: Extends 5th digit

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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16
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor digitorum

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor digitorum:

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Extensor expansions of medial four digits

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Extends medial four digits, assists in wrist extension

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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17
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor indicis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor indicis:

Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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18
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor pollicis brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor pollicis brevis:

Origin: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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19
Q

For the Muscle: Extensor pollicis longus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Extensor pollicis longus:

Origin: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Main actions: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery

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20
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor carpi radialis:

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: Median nerve

Main actions: Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: Radial artery

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21
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor carpi ulnaris

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

Origin: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Main actions: Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: Posterior ulnar recurrent artery

22
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor digiti minimi brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis:

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone

Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger

Blood supply: Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

23
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor digitorum profundus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor digitorum profundus:

Origin: Medial and anterior surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Palmar base of distal phalanges of medial four digits

Innervation: Medial part: ulnar nerve
Lateral part: median nerve

Main actions: Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits, assists with flexion of hand at wrist

Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery

24
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor digitorum superficialis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

Origin: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: superior half of anterior radius

Insertion: Bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Innervation: Median nerve

Main actions: Flexes middle and proximal phalanges of medial four digits, flexes hand at wrist

Blood supply: Ulnar and radial arteries

25
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor pollicis brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor pollicis brevis:

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Main actions: Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb

Blood supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

26
Q

For the Muscle: Flexor pollicis longus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Flexor pollicis longus:

Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseous)

Main actions: Flexes phalanges of thumb

Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery

27
Q

For the Muscle: Infraspinatus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

Main actions: Lateral rotation of arm (with teres minor)

Blood supply: Suprascapular artery

28
Q

For the Muscle: Latissimus dorsi

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Latissimus dorsi:

Origin: Spinous processes of T7–L5 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, last 3 ribs

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Main actions: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

Blood supply: Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal perforating branches of 9th, 10th, and 11th posterior intercostal, subcostal, and first three lumbar arteries

29
Q

For the Muscle: Levator scapulae

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Levator scapulae:

Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1–C4

Insertion: Medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine

Innervation: Ventral rami of C3– C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

Main actions: Elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity

Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery, transverse cervical artery, ascending cervical artery

30
Q

For the Muscle: Lumbrical, first and second

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Lumbrical, first and second:

Origin: Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 and 3

Innervation: Median nerve (digital branches)

Main actions: Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: Superficial and deep palmar arches

31
Q

For the Muscle: Lumbrical, third and fourth

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Lumbrical, third and fourth:

Origin: Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 4 and 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: Superficial and deep palmar arches

32
Q

For the Muscle: Opponens digiti minimi

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Opponens digiti minimi:

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone

Insertion: Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it to face thumb

Blood supply:Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

33
Q

For the Muscle: Opponens pollicis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Opponens pollicis:

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Main actions: Draws 1st metacarpal forward and rotates it medially

Blood supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

34
Q

For the Muscle: Palmar interosseous muscles

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Palmar interosseous muscles:

Origin: Sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

Insertion: Bases of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, and 5

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Adducts digits toward axial line of hand (3rd digit); flexes digits at metacarpophalngeal joint and extends interphalangeal joints

Blood supply: Deep palmar arch

35
Q

For the Muscle: Palmaris brevis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Palmaris brevis:

Origin: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Skin of medial border of palm

Innervation: Superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve

Main actions: Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip

Blood supply: Superficial palmar arch

36
Q

For the Muscle: Palmaris longus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Palmaris longus:

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: Median nerve

Main actions: Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

Blood supply: Posterior ulnar recurrent artery

37
Q

For the Muscle: Pectoralis major

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Pectoralis major:

Origin: Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Main actions: Flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm medially

Blood supply: Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery

38
Q

For the Muscle: Pectoralis minor

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Pectoralis minor:

Origin: Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3–5

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

Main actions: Lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula

Blood supply: Pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial and intercostal lateral thoracic arteries

39
Q

For the Muscle: Pronator quadratus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Pronator quadratus:

Origin: Distal fourth of anterior ulna

Insertion: Distal fourth of anterior radius

Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseous)

Main actions: Pronates forearm

Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery

40
Q

For the Muscle: Pronator teres

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Pronator teres:

Origin: Two heads: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Midway along lateral surface of radius

Innervation: Median nerve

Main actions: Pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion

Blood supply: Anterior ulnar recurrent artery

41
Q

For the Muscle: Rhomboid major

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Rhomboid major:

Origin: Spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae

Insertion: Medial border of scapula below base of spine of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Main actions: Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity

Blood supply: Dorsal scapular OR deep branch of transverse cervical artery, dorsal perforating branches of the upper five or six posterior intercostal arteries artery

42
Q

For the Muscle: Rhomboid minor

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Rhomboid minor:

Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae

Insertion: Medial border of scapula at spine of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Main actions: Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity

Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery OR deep branch of transverse cervical artery, dorsal perforating branches of the upper five or six posterior intercostal arteries

43
Q

For the Muscle: Serratus anterior

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Serratus anterior:

Origin: Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 ribs

Insertion: Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

Main actions: Protracts and rotates scapula and holds it against thoracic wall

Blood supply: Lateral thoracic artery

44
Q

For the Muscle: Subclavius

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Subclavius:

Origin: Upper border of 1st rib and its cartilage

Insertion: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Innervation: Nerve to subclavius

Main actions: Anchors and depresses clavicle

Blood supply: Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery

45
Q

For the Muscle: Subscapularis

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Subscapularis:

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Main actions: Medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Blood supply: Subscapular artery, lateral thoracic artery

46
Q

For the Muscle: Supinator

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Supinator:

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna

Insertion: Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve (deep branch)

Main actions: Supinates forearm

Blood supply: Radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous arteries

47
Q

For the Muscle: Supraspinatus

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Supraspinatus:

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Insertion: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

Main actions: Initiates arm abduction, acts with rotator cuff muscles

Blood supply: Suprascapular artery

48
Q

For the Muscle: Teres major

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Teres major:

Origin: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve

Main actions: Adducts and medially rotates arm

Blood supply: Circumflex scapular artery

49
Q

For the Muscle: Teres minor

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Teres minor:

Origin: Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Main actions: Laterally rotates arm

Blood supply: Circumflex scapular artery

50
Q

For the Muscle: Trapezius

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Trapezius:

Origin: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T12

Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Innervation: Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

Main actions: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula

Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery, dorsal perforating branches of posterior intercostal arteries

51
Q

For the Muscle: Triceps brachii

List: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Main Actions and Blood supply

A

Triceps brachii:

Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: upper half of posterior humerus
Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial and posterior humerus

Insertion: Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna

Innervation: Radial nerve

Main actions: Extends forearm at elbow; long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder

Blood supply: Branch of profunda brachii artery

Anatomy of the Limbs (1 decks)

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