Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4: Orthopaedics > Upper Limb Trauma > Flashcards

Upper Limb Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

where is the proximal humerus most commonly fractured

A

at the surgical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in a proximal humerus fracture, which way is the humeral shaft usually displaced?

why?

A

medial displacement due to the pull of the pectoralis major muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an avulsion fracutre

A

fracture where a tendon pulls off a piece of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

treatment of minimally displaced proximal humerus fracture

A

conservative with a sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

treatment of persistently displaced proximal humerus fracture

A

Internal fixation - plate/wires/IM nail

  • position of displaced fractures may improve once muscle spasm settles so only persistently displaced fractures require surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how are intra-articular humeral head splitting fractures treated

A

shoulder replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of shoulder dislocation is more common: anterior or posterior?

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how might an anterior shoulder dislocation occur

A
  1. excessive external rotational force
  2. fall onto back of shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a Bankart lesion?

A

detachment anterior glenoid labrum and capsule in an anterior shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a Hills-Sachs lesion

A

impaction fracture of posterior humeral head

  • seen in an anterior shoulder dislocation
  • posterior humeral head impacts on anterior glenoid – impaction fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what nerve might be damaged in an anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

classical sign of axillary nerve damage

A

loss of sensation to regimental badge patch area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does this Xray show

A

anterior shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

closed reduction under anaesthetic

sling for 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who is more at risk of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations after their first one:

a) young patients
b) old patients

A

young patients (<20 years old) have 80% chance of re-dislocation

older patients (>30 years old) habve only 20% chance of re-dislocation, which decreases with advancing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is recommended following an anterior shoulder dislocation in a patient <20 years old

A

shoulder stabilisation through a bankart repair (can be arthroscopic or open)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what causes a posterior shoulder dislocation

A

posterior force on an adducted + internally rotated arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does this Xray show?

A

A posterior shoulder dislocation - light bulb sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how are acromioclavicular joint injuries managed?

A

conservatively with a sling followed by phsyio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what two mechanisms can cause humeral shaft fracutres?

what type of fractures does each mechanism cause?

A
  1. Direct trauma (e.g. RTA) – transvere / comminuted
  2. Fall – oblique / spiral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a comminuted fracture

A

fracture where there is more than 2 bone fragements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

up to what level of angulated can be accepted in humeral shaft fractures

A

30 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what nerve can be damaged in a humeral shaft fracture

A

radial nerve

24
Q

presentation of radial nerve damage

A

wrist drop

loss of sensation 1st doral web space

25
Q

how are most humeral shaft fractures treated

A

functional humeral brace

  • pushes fragments into aligment + provides stability
26
Q

how are distal intra-articular humerus fractures treated

A

ORIF

27
Q

what fracture occurs with fall onto point of elbow

A

olecranon fracture

28
Q

how can a simple avulsion olecranon fracture be treated

A

Tension band wiring

29
Q

how can a comminuted olecranon fracture be treated

A

ORIF

30
Q

What sign may be seen on lateral Xray of undisplaced radial head/neck fracture

A

fat pad sign

  • triangle anterior to distal humerus
31
Q

in what direction does the elbow dislocate

A

posteriorly

  • occur from a FOOSH
32
Q

Management of an elbow dislocation

A

closed reduction + sling (1-3 weeks)

33
Q

what is a nightstick fracture?

how does it occur?

A

fracture of the ulnar shaft from direct blow

34
Q

what is a monteggia fracture

A

fracture of the unla with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow

35
Q

how is a monteggia fracture managed

A

ORIF

36
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture

A

fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna at the wrist

37
Q

how is a Galeazzi fracture managed

A

ORIF

38
Q

What is a colles fracture

A

exra-articular distal radial fracture with dorsal displacement

  • FOOSH
  • dinner fork deformity
39
Q

what other fracture can occur with a Colles fracture

A

fracture of ulnar styloid

40
Q

how can a Colles fracture that is:

a) minimally displaced
b) angulated past neutral

A

a) splintage
b) manipulation - percutaneous wires/ ORIF may be opted for if still unstable

41
Q

what nerve can be compressed in a Colles fracture

A

Median Nerve

42
Q

what tendon can rupture in a colles fracture

A

extensor pollicus longus

43
Q

what is a smiths fracture

A

fracture of distal radias with volar displacement

  • Fall onto flexed wrist
44
Q

how are smiths fractures managed

A

all fractures undergo ORIF with plates + screws as they are highly unstable

45
Q

what is a bartons fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of distal radius involving dorsal / volar rim, carpal bones sublux with the displaced rim fragment

46
Q

what are the two classifications of bartons fracture

A
  1. volar bartons fracture (intra-articular smiths fracture)
  2. dorsal bartons fracture (intra-articular colles fracture)
    - both require ORIF
47
Q

Tender anatomical snuff box suggests a fracute of what?

A

scaphoid

48
Q

how many Xrays are taken if a scaphoid fracture is suspected?

A

4 (AP, lateral, 2 oblique)

49
Q

treatment of undisplaced scaphoid fracture

A

plaster cast 6-12 weeks

50
Q

what is there a risk of with scaphoid fractures?

A

Avascular necrosis

51
Q

spilt cup sign on Xray

A

lunate dislocation

52
Q

what is mallet finger

A

avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP

  • caused by forced flexion of extended DIP
  • sports ball injury
53
Q

presentation of mallet finger

A

pain

drooped DIP

inability to extend at DIP

54
Q

Treatment of mallet finger

A

mallet splint holding DIP in extension for 4 weeks

55
Q

what is a Bennets fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of 1st carpometacarpal joint

56
Q

what is a Boxers fracture

A

fracture of 5th metacarpal neck

Year 4: Orthopaedics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions