Upper Limb Muscles - Origins and Insertions Flashcards
Origins and insertions of the shoulder joints, elbow, and wrist
What are the 7 muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the shoulder girdle?
1) Trapezius
2) Levator Scapulae
3) Sternocleidomastoid
4) Rhomboids
5) Serratus Anterior
6) Pectoralis Minor
7) Subclavius
What is the origin and insertion of the Trapezius?
Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C1 to T12
Insertion: Top of lateral clavicle (upper fibers), scapular spine (middle and lower fibers)
What is the origin and insertion of Levator Scapulae?
Origin: Transverse process of C1 to C4 vertebrae
Insertion: Upper part of medial border of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid?
Origin: Manubrium of the sternum and top of medial end of the clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
What is the origin and insertion of Rhomboid Minor?
Origin: Spinous process of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of Rhomboid Major?
Origin: Spinous process of T2 to T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of Serratus Anterior?
Origin: Ribs 1 to 8 and their intercostal spaces
Insertion: Front of whole of the medial border of the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of Pectoralis Minor?
Origin: Ribs 3 to 5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of Subclavius?
Origin: First costal cartilage
Insertion: A groove on the underside of the clavicle
What are the 2 muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the humerus?
1) Latissimus Dorsi
2) Pectoralis Major
What is the origin and insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi?
Origin: Spinous process of verterbae from T7 down, the sacrum, and the iliac crest
Insertion: Front of proximal shaft of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of Pectoralis Major?
Origin: Medial third of the clavicle, and sternum
Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
What are the 2 muscles that connect the shoulder girdle to the humerus (excluding rotator cuff muscles)?
1) Teres Major
2) Deltoid
What is the origin and insertion of Teres Major?
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Medial part of proximal shaft of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of Deltoid?
Origin: Lateral clavicle (anterior fibers), acromion (lateral fibers), spine of scapula (posterior fibers)
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles.
1) Supraspinatus
2) Infraspinatus
3) Teres Minor
4) Subscapularis
What is the origin and insertion of the Supraspinatus?
Origin: Supraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the Infraspinatus?
Origin: Infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of Teres Minor?
Origin: Lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest of the three facets on the greater tubercle)
What is the origin and insertion of Subscapularis?
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of Coracobrachialis?
Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Shaft of the humerus (about half way down)
What are the 2 muscles connecting the shoulder girdle to the forearm (thus acting on both the shoulder and the elbow)?
1) Long head of triceps brachii
2) Biceps Brachii (both heads)
What is the origin and insertion of Biceps Brachii (long head & short head)?
Origin: Short head - Coracoid Process, Long head - Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and deep fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
What is the origin and insertion of Brachialis?
Origin: Anterior, lower half of humeral shaft
Insertion: Ulnar Tuberosity
What is the origin and insertion of Triceps Brachii (all heads)?
Origin: Long head - Infraglenoid Tubercle, Lateral head - Proximal humeral shaft, Medial head - Humeral shaft, (distal and medial to lateral head)
Insertion: Olecranon process of Ulna
What is the origin and insertion of Anconeus?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Back of proximal Ulna
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the Arm?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the Arm?
Triceps brachii and anconeus
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)?
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Pisiform, and then via ligaments to 5th metacarpal and the hook of hamate
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)?
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Front of the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)?
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of the 5th metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)?
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of the 3rd metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of Palmaris Longus (PL)?
Origin: Medial epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Flexor retinaculum of the wrist and palmar aponeurosis
What are the origins and insertions for Extensor Digitorum (ED) and Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM)? *note they are the same.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx and loosely into the extensor expansion of digits 2-5
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Indicis (EI)?
Origin: Posterior of the distal Ulnar
Insertion: Via a tendon to the extensor expansion of the index finger
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)?
Origin: Posterior of middle third of Ulna
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the thumb
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)?
Origin: Posterior of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
What is the origin and insertion of Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)?
Origin: Posterior of the middle third of the radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Radial side of the base of the 1st (thumbs) metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of Brachioradialis?
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Just proximal to the radial styloid process
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)?
Origin: Medial epicondyle of Humerus, and a slip form the proximal Ulna
Insertion: Middle phalanx of digits 2-5
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)?
Origin: Deep surface of the anterior forearm
Insertion: Anterior of the base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)?
Origin: Deep surface of the anterior forearm
Insertion: Anterior of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
What is the origin and insertion of Pronator Teres?
Origin: Medial supracondylar ridge of the Humerus and proximal Ulna
Insertion: Lateral mid-shaft of radius
What is the origin and insertion of Supinator?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle and radial side of proximal Ulna
Insertion: Anterior side of radius, mid-shaft
What is the origin and insertion of Pronator Quadratus?
Origin: Distal front of ulna
Insertion: Distal front of radius
