upper limb muscles

Question 1

pec major origin and insertion

Answer 1

O: clavicular head, anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head, anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of EO muscle
I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 2

main movements of pec major

Answer 2

adduction and medial rotation of humerus
(anterior and inferior movement of scapula
clavicular head acting alone flexes humerus
sternocostal head extends the humerus from the flexed position)

Question 3

pec minor origin and insertion

Answer 3

O: 3-5 ribs near costal cartilages
I: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Question 4

main movements of pec minor

Answer 4

stabilise scapula, draws if inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 5

serratus anterior origin and insertion

Answer 5

O: external surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula (passes in front of scapula)

Question 6

main movements of serratus anterior

Answer 6

protraction of scapula, rotates scapula

Question 7

deltoid origin and insertion

Answer 7

O: lateral third of clavicle: acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 8

main movement of deltoid

Answer 8

clavicular/anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of arm
acromial/middle part: abducts arm
spinal/posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of arm

Question 9

infraspinatus origin and insertion

Answer 9

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 10

main movement of infraspinatus

Answer 10

lateral rotation of arm, rotator cuff

Question 11

teres minor origin and insertion

Answer 11

O: middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 12

main movement of teres minor

Answer 12

lateral rotation of arm, rotator cuff

Question 13

teres major origin and insertion

Answer 13

O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus

Question 14

main movements of teres major

Answer 14

adduction and medial rotation of arm

Question 15

subscapularis origin and insertion

Answer 15

O: subscapular fossa/anterior surface of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 16

main movements of subscapularis

Answer 16

medial rotation of arm, rotator cuff

Question 17

supraspinatus origin and insertion

Answer 17

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 18

main movements of supraspinatus

Answer 18

assists deltoid in abduction of arm, rotator cuff

Question 19

Structures endangered in a surgical fracture of humerus

Answer 19

axillary nerve

posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 20

Structure endangered in a mid shaft fracture of humerus

Answer 20

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

Question 21

Structure endangered in a supracondylar fracture

Answer 21

median nerve

brachial artery

Question 22

structure endangered in a medial epicondyle fracture/avulsion injury

Answer 22

ulnar nerve

Question 23

structures endangered in a dislocated elbow joint, clinical sign?

Answer 23

median nerve
brachial artery, or at its division at the elbow
“Volkmann’s ischaemia”, Volkmann’s contracture

Question 24

FCR attachments?

Answer 24

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: 2nd metacarpal

Question 25

FCU attachments?

Answer 25

O: medial epicondyle
I: pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal

Question 26

What action inflames pronator teres?

Answer 26

screwing motion e.g. carpenter

medican nerve impingement

Question 27

Structures passing through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 27

FDS, FDP, median nerve, FPL, FCR tendon

Question 28

Boundaries of anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 28

floor: scaphoid, trapezium
anterior: tendons of APL (anterior most) and EPB
posterior: EPL

Question 29

What is adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 29

calcification of supraspinatus tendon, occurs when older

Question 30

What might cause painful arc syndrome?

Answer 30

• Subacromial bursitis

- calcification or bony spur formation, especially in history of shoulder separation

Question 31

Latissimus dorsi attachments

Answer 31

O: iliac crest, spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula
I: floor of inter tubercular groove of humerus

Question 32

actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 32

• when insertion moves towards origin: adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm
• when the origin moves towards the insertion: lats laterally rotate the trunk

Question 33

the lateral pectoral nerve innervates which muscle?

Answer 33

pec major

Question 34

the medial pectoral nerve innervates which muscles?

Answer 34

pec major and minor

Question 35

the thoracodorsal nerve innervates which muscle?

Answer 35

latissimus dorsi