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R - MSK Pathologies (Meg & Rach) > Upper limb disorders + bone stuff > Flashcards

Upper limb disorders + bone stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common malignant bone tumour in younger patients?

A

Osteosarcoma

<50 yrs

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2
Q

What is the most common malignant bone tumour in older patients?

A

Myeloma bone disease

>50yrs

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3
Q

How common is metastatic bone disease?

A

25x more common than primary bone tumours

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4
Q

what is a benign tumour of the skeleton?

A

Osteoid osteoma.

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5
Q

what is the malignant tumour of soft tissue?

A

Liposarcoma

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6
Q

What is the benign tumour of soft tissue?

A

Lipoma.

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7
Q

What happens when theres damage to the supraspinous muscle?

A

The humerus migrates superiorly - can’t abduct properly.

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8
Q

What is the diagnosis of a rotator cuff tear?

A

MRI

US

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9
Q

What is the treatment of a rotator cuff tear?

A

Ice
rest
NSAIDs
small exercise

surgery - open or closed.

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10
Q

Treatment of clavicular fracture?

A

Leave in most people - progressive mobilisation from 2 weeks onwards
adults with displaced bone - should have surgery.

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11
Q

Treatment of proximal humeral fracture?

A

younger - surgery

older - conservative

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12
Q

What is the most common fracture in older patients?

A

Distal radial fracture.

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13
Q

How is laceration of the flexor tendons treated?

A

Repair should be done in the position of injury

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14
Q

Which ligament is most commonly sprained in the shoulder?

A

acriomioclavicular,

coracoacromion
coracoclavicular

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15
Q

What is neuropraxia?

A

conduction loss of the nerve without structural changes.

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16
Q

What is a cause of Saturday night palsy?

A

Wrist drop - radial nerve

cause of compression under the arm.

17
Q

What are causes of neuropraxia?

A

Saturday night compression
starvation of oxygen
compression

18
Q

what is the prognosis for neuropraxia?

A

Should fully recover in weeks to months.

19
Q

what is the Sunderland scale?

A

1 - neuropraxia - axon is intuit but theres an area not working

2- axonotmesis

20
Q

what is neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neuronotmesis?

A

neuropraxia - conduction loss
axonotmesis - axon divided
neurotmesis - nerve divided

21
Q

what is axonotmesis?

A

where the axons and their myelin sheath are injured

22
Q

what is wallerian degeneration?

A

the nerve fibres distal to the injury disappear. the nerve fibres proximal shrink back to the last node of Ranvier. they still grow back.

23
Q

what is the recovery for axonotmesis?

A

Sensory recovery is often better than motor recovery

24
Q

what is neuronotmesis?

A

Complete division of the nerve - theres usually no recovery unless its repaired

25
Q

what is a complication of neuronotmesis?

A

Neuroma

26
Q

what is the rate of axonal growth?

A

1-3mm/day

27
Q

what is trigger finger?

A

when swelling in the tendons catch on the pulleys, you can feel a lump in the palm.

28
Q

what is treatment of trigger finger?

A

Steroids
splintage at night
surgery

29
Q

What is duputrens disease?

A

it is an autosomal dominant disease - due to excessive production of collagen.

30
Q

what is the treatment of duputrens disease?

A

splints don’t work

surgery

31
Q

what is de quervains tenovaginitis?

A

pain in the tendons of the thumb side

32
Q

where is the most common area of osteoarthritis?

A

Base of the thumb.

33
Q

what is subacromial impingement?

A

pain when abducting the arm. caused when the acromioclavicular joint produces osteophytes

34
Q

what are the signs of a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

they can’t externally rotate their shoulder

35
Q

what causes posterior shoulder dislocations?

A

Electric shock

epilepsy.

36
Q

what nerve is commonly injured in shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve

R - MSK Pathologies (Meg & Rach) (11 decks)

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