Upper Limb Disorders (2) Flashcards
Wrist Fractures:
What do they usually occur after?
What is a Colle’s fracture?
What does a Scaphoid fracture present with?
→ What complication can occur here?
➊ Falling onto an outstretched hand
➋ Transverse fracture of distal radius, causing the distal portion to displace posteriorly
➌ Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
→ Avascular necrosis as it has a single blood supply, so a fracture can cut this off
Shoulder Dislocation:
What type is most common?
What is a key complication here?
→ What will it present with?
What else could occur here?
What should always be examined for?
➊ Anterior dislocation
➋ Axillary nerve (C5, C6) damage
→ Sensory loss over lateral deltoid, Motor loss of deltoid and teres minor
➌ Rotator cuff tears
➍ Vascular and nerve damage, XR
Rotator Cuff Tear:
What are the muscles? What action do they do?
What can it be due to?
Which imaging should be done?
➊ • S – Supraspinatus (abduction)
• I – Infraspinatus (external rotation)
• T – Teres Minor (external rotation)
• S – Subscapularis (internal rotation)
➋ Acute injury or age-related degenerative changes e.g. tennis
➌ US or MRI
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder):
What occurs here?
What is a key risk factor here?
What are the 2 types of it?
How does it tend to present?
➊ Inflammation and fibrosis of joint, leading to adhesions (scarring), which bind and tighten the capsule around the joint and restrict its movement
➋ DM
➌ • Primary – spontaneous w/o a trigger
• Secondary – response to trauma, surgery, or immobilisation
➍ • Gradual onset pain and stiffness of the shoulder with reduced movement
‣ Pain worsens initially and persists for wks-months
‣ Stiffness can persist for months-yrs
• Symptoms gradually resolve over time
Epicondylitis:
What type of injury is it?
What are the 2 types?
How does it present?
➊ Repetitive strain injury
➋ Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow), Medial epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow)
➌ Pain and tenderness at epicondyle, Weakness in grip strength
Olecranon Bursitis:
What occurs here?
→ What can this be caused by?
How does it present?
How is it managed?
➊ Inflammation of bursa, which causes swelling
→ • Repetitive damage e.g. leaning on elbow
• Trauma
• RA or Gout
• Infection (Septic bursitis)
➋ Swollen, Warm, Tender, Fluid-filled
➌ Rest, Analgesia, Ice, Compression, Aspiration
DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis:
What type of injury is it?
What occurs here?
How does it present?
➊ Repetitive strain injury e.g. thumb abduction in office workers or musicians
➋ Inflammation and swelling of the tendons of the Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis at the base of the thumb
➌ Pain on radial side of wrist, Weakness, Numbness, Tender
Trigger Finger:
What occurs here?
How does it present?
➊ Flexor tendons of fingers pass through several sheaths – Trigger finger is where there’s thickening/tightening of these sheaths, preventing the tendon moving under it smoothly
➋ Pain and tenderness, Popping or clicking sound, Gets stuck in flexed position
