Upper limb areas

Question 1

5 areas of the upper limb

Answer 1

• the axilla
• the cubital fossa
• the carpal tunnel
• the anatomical snuffbox

Question 2

the axilla is the area which

Answer 2

lies underneath the glenohumeral joint–> junction b/w upper limb and thorax

Question 3

the axilla provides a

Answer 3

passageway for neurovascular structures and muscular structures leaving and entering the limb

Question 4

apex border of the axilla

Answer 4

supeeior border of the scapula and psoterior border of the clavicle

Question 5

lateral border of the axilla

Answer 5

intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 6

medial border of the axilla

Answer 6

serratus anterior and thoracic wall (4 ribs)

Question 7

anterior wall of the axilla

Answer 7

pectoralis major and minor and subclavius muscle

Question 8

how to remeber the contents of the axilla

Answer 8

AABAB

Answer 9

Axillary artery and branches

Axillary vein

Brachial plexus

Axiallary lymph nodes

Biceps brachii

Question 10

axillary artery and branches

Answer 10

meain artery supplying the upper lim (medial and posteiror parts travel into the axilla

Question 11

axillary vein

Answer 11

main vein draining the upper arm

cephalic and basilic

Question 12

passageways exiting the axilla: 3 routes

Answer 12

1. main routes
2. quadrangular space
3. clavicpectoral triangle

Question 13

main route

Answer 13

immediatley inferiorly and laterally into the upper limb

Question 14

quadrangular soace

Answer 14

gap in the posterior wall of the axilla allowing access to the posterior arm and shoulder area

e.g. axillary enrve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 15

clavipectoral triangle

Answer 15

opening in the anteiror wall of the axilla

• cephalic vein enters this way
• medial and alteral pecroral nerve leave

Question 16

cubital fossa

Answer 16

the transition between the anatomical arm and forearm

• depression on the anteriro surface of the elbow joint

Question 17

draw the cubital fossa borders

Answer 17

superior border: imaginary line btw epicondyles

lateral border: medial border of the brachioradialis

medial border: lateral border of the pronator teres

Question 18

content of the cubital fossa (lateral to medial) with pneumonic

Answer 18

Really Need (radial nerve)

Beer To (biceps tendon)

Be At (brachial artery)

My Nicest (median nerve)

Question 19

the carpal tunnel

Answer 19

narrow passageway found on the anterior portion of the wrist–> Acts as an entrance for sevral tendons and the median nerve

Question 20

borders of the carpal tunnel

Answer 20

carpal arch

flexor retinaculum

Question 21

carpal arch

Answer 21

concave on the palmar side, forming thr base and sides of the carpal tunnel

• laterally- scaphoid and trapezium
• medially- hook of hamate and pisiform

Question 22

flexor retinaculum

Answer 22

connective tissue which forms the rood

• bridges the space between medial and lateral parts of the arch
• originates: lateral side
• inserts: medial side

Question 23

contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 23

9 tendons and the median nerve

Question 24

tendons of the carpal tunnel

Answer 24

• flexor pollicis longus tendon x 1 (has its own synovial sheath- allows free movement of tendon)
• flexor digitorum profundus tenond x 4
• flexor digitorum superificialis tendon x 4
  
  • ​all 8 tenodns of the FDP and FDS are surroudned by a single synovial sheath

Question 25

as the median nerve passes the carpal tunnel it divides into 2 branches

Answer 25

1. The recurrent branch
2. palmar digital nerve

Question 26

the recurrent branch of the median nerve

Answer 26

innervates the thenar muscles

Question 27

the palmar digital nerve of the median nerve

Answer 27

sensory innervation to the palmar skin and dorsal nail bed of the lateral 3.5 digits

motor innervation to laterla lumbricals

Question 28

the anatomical snuffbox

Question 29

borders of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 29

ulnar (medial) border: tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

radial (lateral) border: tendons fo the extensor pollicis brevis and longus

proximal border: styloid process of the radius

floor: scaphoid

Roof: skin

Question 30

scaphoid

Answer 30

beware of scaphoid fracture- avascular necrosis

Question 31

contents of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 31

radial artery

superficial branch of the radial nerve

cephalic vein