Upper limb and BP Flashcards
ulnar nerve damage causing paralysis of the lumbricals.
claw hand
hypertonic state of anterior & middle scalene compresses & entraps the roots of the brachial plexus
scalene syndrome
Clawhand
- Abduction or radial deviation during wrist flexion
- Loss sensation at medial side of arm,forearm and medial 2 fingers
lower trunk
Compression or irritation of the cords of brachial plexus .
Occur from prolonged hyper-AB-duction of the arm during painting,
or repetitive motions that result from activities that require the arm to be in a hyper-AB-ducted state.
hyperabduction syndrome
Peripheral pain down the arm, numbness and paraesthesia.
Edema if compression of the axillary vessels.
Compress: coracoid process -pectoralis minor
hyper-abduction syndrome presents as:
thoracic outlet syndrome includes:
- Costoclavicular entrap of lower trunk between the 1st rib and clavicle.
- Pectoralis minor and coracoid process
- Scalene entrap which particularly
applies to lower trunk
lower trunk injuries include:
Injuries result when the upper limb is forcefully pulled in an upward direction (abduction) that increases the angle between the humerus and thorax.
lower trunk injuries include:
grasping something to prevent a fall
b. excessive pull on the upper limb during delivery
c. hyperabduction of the upper limb
upper trunk injuries are also known as:
Erb palsy
- Duchenne-Erb palsy
- upper radicular syndrome
- “waiter’s tip position”
Development of a cervical rib from the costal elements of C7 that compresses and entraps C8 and T1 roots between C7 and the first rib
cervical rib syndrome
How many nerves of the brachial plexus are derived from the roots and trunks
(7) Dorsal scapular nerve Phrenic Long thoracic nerve N. to subclavius Suprascapular nerve N. Longus coli & Scalene's 1st Intercostal nerve 1st Thoracic N.
upper coard injury presents as
.Arm adducted+ Medially rotated
- Forearm Extended
- Palms facing backward + upward
- Loss sensations at Dermatomes C5/C6
Produced by actions that increase the angle between the neck and shoulder
a. Thrown from a horse or motorcycle
b. Hitting a tackle-dummy incorrectly
c. Carrying heavy backpack for long periods
(backpacker’s
palsy)
d. pull, tear or stretch of C5, C6 nerve roots at Child birth
upper trunk brachial plexus injuries
median Nerve innervation
anterior compartment of forarm "digital flexors" thenar eminence lumbricals of hand pronator quadratus flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus pronator teres Flexor digitorium profundus
suclavian nerve innervates
subclavian muscle
