upper limb anatomy Flashcards
What is the pectoral girdle comprised of?
Scapular spine, medial border, inferior angle, glenoid fossa, acromion and clavicle (SMIGAC)
What are the main axioscapular muscles?
Originate from the axial skeleton and insert into the scapula
Identify the main axioscapular muscles.
Anterior: pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
Posterior: rhomboids, trapezius and levator scapulae
Pectoralis minor
Origin: originates from the surface ribs
Insertion: inserts onto the coracoid process of the scapula
Movements: downward rotation, depression and protraction
Serratus anterior
Origin: originates from the lateral ribs
Insertion:
Movements: upward rotation, protraction
Rhomboids
Rhomboid major and minor
Origin: spinous process (C7-T5)
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Movement: retraction, downward rotation and elevation (RDE)
Trapezius
Upper, middle and lower trapzeius
Upper: originates from occipital protuberance and inserts into acromial end of the clavicle
Movements: elevation and upward rotation
Middle: originates from spinous process, inserts into the acromion and scapular spine
Action: elevation and upward rotation
Lower: originates from the T4-T12 spinious process (thoracic vertebrae) and inserts into the medial border of the scapula, insertion at the base of the scapular spine, action: depression, upward rotation and protraction
Levator scapulae
Origin: transverse process of C1-C4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Movements: elevation and downward rotation
Glenohumeral joint
Formed as a result of the articulation between the proximal end of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Primary movers of the glenohumeral joint
anterior compartment: pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and subscapularis
super compartment: deltoid and supraspinatus
posterior compartment: latissimus dorsi, terest major and minor and infraspinatus
Pectoralis major
