Upper Limb

Question 1

Pectoralis major m.

Answer 1

Origin: Clavicular head, sternocostal head

Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-8, T1)

Action: arm flexion, medial arm rotation, adducts arm

Question 2

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 2

Origin: Spinous process of T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 8-12

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus

Innervation: throacodorsal n. (C6-7)

Action: extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus

Question 3

Deltoid m.

Answer 3

Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: axillary n.

Action: Clavicular - flex and medially rotate arm, Acromial - aBduct arm, Spinal - extend and laterally rotate arm

Question 4

Supraspinatus m.

Answer 4

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus (superior)

Innervation: suprascapular n.

Action: initiates arm aBduction - holds humerus in glenoid cavity, assists deltoid

Question 5

Infraspinatus m.

Answer 5

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus (middle)

Innervation: suprascapular n.

Action: laterally rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity

Question 6

Teres minor m.

Answer 6

Origin: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: (inferior facet of the) greater tubercle of the humerus

Innervation: axillary n.

Action: laterally rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity

Question 7

Subscapularis m.

Answer 7

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: upper and lower subscapular n.

Action: medially rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity

Question 8

Teres major m.

Answer 8

Origin: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus (from posterior under humerus to anterior humerus i.e. through armpit)

Innervation: lower subscapular n.

Action: aDduct and medially rotate arm

Question 9

Biceps brachii m.

Answer 9

Origin: short head - tip of coracoid process of scapula (medial)

long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (lateral)

Insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: musculocutaneous n.

Action: flex forearm, supinate forearm

Question 10

Coracobrachialis m.

Answer 10

Innervation: musculocutaneous n.

Action: help flex and aDduct arm, resist shoulder dislocation

Question 11

Brachialis m.

Answer 11

Innervation: musculocutaneous n. and radial n.

Action: flex forearm

Question 12

Triceps brachii m.

Answer 12

Origin: long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head - posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove, medial head - posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna and forearm fascia

Innervation: radial n.

Action: extend forearm; long head - resist shoulder dislocation

Question 13

Anconeus m.

Answer 13

Innervation: radial n.

Action: extend forearm, assisting triceps brachii, stabilize elbow joint

Question 14

Pronator teres m.

Answer 14

Innervation: median n.

Action: pronate and flex forearm at elbow

Question 15

Flexor carpi radialis m.

Answer 15

Innervation: median n.

Action: flexes and aBducts hand at wrist

Question 16

Palmaris longus m.

Answer 16

Innervation: median n.

Action: flex hand and tense palmar aponeurosis

Question 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

Answer 17

Innervation: ulnar n.

Action: flexes and aDducts hand at wrist

Question 18

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Answer 18

Innervation: median n.

Action: flex proximal interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints on digits 2-5

Question 19

Flexor digitorum profundus m.

Answer 19

Innervation: ulnar and median n.

Action: flex distal interphalangeal joint on digits 2-5

Question 20

Flexor pollicis longus m.

Answer 20

Innervation: median n.

Action: flex interphalangeal joint on digit 1

Question 21

Pronator quadratis m.

Answer 21

Innervation: median n.

Action: pronates forearm, bind radius and ulna together

Question 22

Brachioradialis m.

Answer 22

Innervation: radial n.

Action: flex forearm

Question 23

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.

Answer 23

Innervation: radial n.

Action: extend and aBduct the hand at wrist

Question 24

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

Answer 24

Innervation: deep radial of radial n.

Action: extend and aBduct the hand at wrist

Question 25

Extensor digitorum m.

Answer 25

Innervation: deep radial of radial n.

Action: extend medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Question 26

Extensor digiti minimi m.

Answer 26

Innervation: deep radial of radial n.

Action: extend fifth digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint

Question 27

Extensor carpi ulnaris m.

Answer 27

Innervation: deep radial of radial n.

Action: extend and aDduct the hand at the wrist

Question 28

Extensor pollicis longus m.

Answer 28

Innervation: posterior interosseous n.

Action: extend distal phalanx at interphalangeal joint; extend carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 29

Extensor pollicis brevis m.

Answer 29

Innervation: posterior interosseius n.

Action: extend proximal phalanx at MCP joint; extend carpometacarpal joint

Question 30

Extensor indicis m.

Answer 30

Innervation: posterior interosseus n.

Action: extend 2nd digit and wrist extension

Question 31

Abductor pollicis longus m.

Answer 31

Innervation: posterior interosseus m.

Action: aBduct ad extend pollus at carpometacarpal joint

Question 32

Supinator m.