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MSK anatomy - Year 2 > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the joints of the upper limb?

A 
Sternoclavicular joint
acromialclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint 
elbow joint - humeroulnar joint and the radioulnar joint 
proximal radioulnar joint 
radiocarpal joint 
distal radioulnar joint
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2
Q

the sternoclavicular joint is a

A

saddle type joint

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3
Q

the acromioclavicular joint is a

A

plane type joint

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4
Q

the glenohumeral joint is a

A

ball and socket type joint

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5
Q

the elbow joint is a

A

hinge type joint

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6
Q

the proximal radioulnar and the distal radioulnar joint are

A

pivot type joints

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7
Q

the radoiocarpal joint is an

A

ellipsoid type joint

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8
Q

what happens to the radius during pronation?

A

it moves over the ulna

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9
Q

the joints of the hands

A

5 MCP joint
1st CMC joint
PIP
DIP

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10
Q

what type of a joint is the 5th MCP joint?

A

condyloid type

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11
Q

what type of a joint is the 1st CMC joint?

A

saddle type

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12
Q

what is the degree of rotation in the thumb?

A

90 degree

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13
Q

what are the axis-appendicular muscles?

A

trapezius
serrates anterior
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major

subclavius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae

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14
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the trapezius?

A

CNXI

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15
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the serrates anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid minor and major?

A

dorsal scapula nerve

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17
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the elevator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapula nerve

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18
Q

what are the four rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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19
Q

which muscles of the rotator cuff attach to the greater tuberosity?

A

the supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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20
Q

which of the rotator cuff muscles attach to the lesser tuberosity?

A

the subscapularis

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21
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff?

A

the hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

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22
Q

what part of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa at all times?

A

1/3rd

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23
Q

what are the compartments of the arm?

A

anterior and posterior

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24
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

25
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

26
Q

what are the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

flexion of arm and forearm

biceps brachii also supinates forearm

27
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

28
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

29
Q

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

extension of the arm and forearm

30
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the forearm (anterior)?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

31
Q

what are the muscles of the immediate layer of the forearm (anterior)?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

32
Q

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the forearm (anterior)?

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratura

33
Q

what are the innervations of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

median nerve except the flexor carpi ulnaris nd the medial half of the flexor digitorum superficial (ulnar nerve)

34
Q

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation, abduction and adduction of the wrist

35
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the forearm (posterior)?

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus 
extensor digitorum 
anconeus 
extensor carpi ulnaris 
extensory carpi radialis brevis 
extensor digiti minimi
36
Q

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the forearm (posterior)?

A 
supinator 
abductor pollicis longus 
extensor pollicis longus 
extensor pollicis brevis 
extensor indices
37
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

radial nerve

38
Q

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

extension of the wrist and digits, supination, abduction and adduction of the wrist

39
Q

what are the muscles of the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponents pollicis

40
Q

what is the innervation of the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

41
Q

what can affect the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

42
Q

what are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti mini brevis
opponens digiti minimi

43
Q

what is the innervation of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

44
Q

what are the lumbricals?

A

attached to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

45
Q

what is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

median nerve - lateral 2

ulnar nerve - medial 2

46
Q

what Is the function of the interossei of the hand?

A

abduction and adduction of digits

47
Q

whats is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

abduction of the digits

48
Q

what is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

adduction of the digits

49
Q

what is the innervation of the interossei?

A

ulnar nerve

50
Q

what is the origin of the brachial plexus of the arm?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

51
Q

what is the course of the brachial plexus of the arm?

A

passes through the axilla to the medial arm

cords travel around the brachial artery

52
Q

what is the mnemonic to remember the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

A

Really Tired Drink Coffee Now

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Nerves

53
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis x4

flexor digitorum profundus
x4

flexor pollicis longus x1

median nerve

54
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of the median nerve
weakness in the thenar muscles
numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of digit 4

55
Q

from proximal to distal, what is the arterial supply of the upper limb?

A

subclavian artery -> axillary artery -> brachial artery bifurcates to radial and ulnar artery -> superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery dominant) and the deep palmar arch (radial artery dominant)

56
Q

what arteries anastomoses in the scapular?

A

supra scapular artery
dorsal scapular artery
circumflex scapular artery

57
Q

what is present in the elbow?

A

an anastomosis

58
Q

what is the venous supply from proximal to distal upper arm?

A

same as arteries:
subclavian vein -> axially vein-> brachial vein-> bifurcates to form the radial and ulnar vein -> superficial palmar arch (ulnar vein dominant) -> and the deep palmar arch (radial vein dominant)

59
Q

what is the vena comitantes?

A

veins on both sides of the arteries. Paired veins

highly variable

MSK anatomy - Year 2 (3 decks)

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