Upper limb

Question 1

what are the joints of the upper limb?

Answer 1

Sternoclavicular joint
acromialclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint 
elbow joint - humeroulnar joint and the radioulnar joint 
proximal radioulnar joint 
radiocarpal joint 
distal radioulnar joint

Question 2

the sternoclavicular joint is a

Answer 2

saddle type joint

Question 3

the acromioclavicular joint is a

Answer 3

plane type joint

Question 4

the glenohumeral joint is a

Answer 4

ball and socket type joint

Question 5

the elbow joint is a

Answer 5

hinge type joint

Question 6

the proximal radioulnar and the distal radioulnar joint are

Answer 6

pivot type joints

Question 7

the radoiocarpal joint is an

Answer 7

ellipsoid type joint

Question 8

what happens to the radius during pronation?

Answer 8

it moves over the ulna

Question 9

the joints of the hands

Answer 9

5 MCP joint
1st CMC joint
PIP
DIP

Question 10

what type of a joint is the 5th MCP joint?

Answer 10

condyloid type

Question 11

what type of a joint is the 1st CMC joint?

Answer 11

saddle type

Question 12

what is the degree of rotation in the thumb?

Answer 12

90 degree

Question 13

what are the axis-appendicular muscles?

Answer 13

trapezius
serrates anterior
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major

subclavius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae

Question 14

what is the nerve innervation of the trapezius?

Answer 14

CNXI

Question 15

what is the nerve innervation of the serrates anterior?

Answer 15

long thoracic nerve

Question 16

what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid minor and major?

Answer 16

dorsal scapula nerve

Question 17

what is the nerve innervation of the elevator scapulae?

Answer 17

dorsal scapula nerve

Question 18

what are the four rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 18

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 19

which muscles of the rotator cuff attach to the greater tuberosity?

Answer 19

the supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

Question 20

which of the rotator cuff muscles attach to the lesser tuberosity?

Answer 20

the subscapularis

Question 21

what is the function of the rotator cuff?

Answer 21

the hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

Question 22

what part of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa at all times?

Answer 22

1/3rd

Question 23

what are the compartments of the arm?

Answer 23

anterior and posterior

Question 24

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 24

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

Question 25

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 25

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 26

what are the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 26

flexion of arm and forearm | biceps brachii also supinates forearm

Question 27

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 27

triceps brachii

Question 28

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 28

radial nerve

Question 29

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 29

extension of the arm and forearm

Question 30

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the forearm (anterior)?

Answer 30

pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 31

what are the muscles of the immediate layer of the forearm (anterior)?

Answer 31

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 32

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the forearm (anterior)?

Answer 32

flexor pollicis longus flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratura

Question 33

what are the innervations of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 33

median nerve except the flexor carpi ulnaris nd the medial half of the flexor digitorum superficial (ulnar nerve)

Question 34

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 34

flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation, abduction and adduction of the wrist

Question 35

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the forearm (posterior)?

Answer 35

``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor digitorum anconeus extensor carpi ulnaris extensory carpi radialis brevis extensor digiti minimi ```

Question 36

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the forearm (posterior)?

Answer 36

``` supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indices ```

Question 37

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 37

radial nerve

Question 38

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 38

extension of the wrist and digits, supination, abduction and adduction of the wrist

Question 39

what are the muscles of the thenar eminence of the hand?

Answer 39

abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponents pollicis

Question 40

what is the innervation of the thenar eminence of the hand?

Answer 40

recurrent branch of the median nerve

Question 41

what can affect the thenar eminence of the hand?

Answer 41

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 42

what are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

Answer 42

abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti mini brevis opponens digiti minimi

Question 43

what is the innervation of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

Answer 43

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 44

what are the lumbricals?

Answer 44

attached to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 45

what is the innervation of the lumbricals?

Answer 45

median nerve - lateral 2 | ulnar nerve - medial 2

Question 46

what Is the function of the interossei of the hand?

Answer 46

abduction and adduction of digits

Question 47

whats is the function of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 47

abduction of the digits

Question 48

what is the function of the palmar interossei?

Answer 48

adduction of the digits

Question 49

what is the innervation of the interossei?

Answer 49

ulnar nerve

Question 50

what is the origin of the brachial plexus of the arm?

Answer 50

anterior rami of C5-T1

Question 51

what is the course of the brachial plexus of the arm?

Answer 51

passes through the axilla to the medial arm | cords travel around the brachial artery

Question 52

what is the mnemonic to remember the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

Answer 52

Really Tired Drink Coffee Now | Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Nerves

Question 53

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 53

flexor digitorum superficialis x4 flexor digitorum profundus x4 flexor pollicis longus x1 median nerve

Question 54

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 54

compression of the median nerve weakness in the thenar muscles numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of digit 4

Question 55

from proximal to distal, what is the arterial supply of the upper limb?

Answer 55

subclavian artery -> axillary artery -> brachial artery bifurcates to radial and ulnar artery -> superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery dominant) and the deep palmar arch (radial artery dominant)

Question 56

what arteries anastomoses in the scapular?

Answer 56

supra scapular artery dorsal scapular artery circumflex scapular artery

Question 57

what is present in the elbow?

Answer 57

an anastomosis

Question 58

what is the venous supply from proximal to distal upper arm?

Answer 58

same as arteries: subclavian vein -> axially vein-> brachial vein-> bifurcates to form the radial and ulnar vein -> superficial palmar arch (ulnar vein dominant) -> and the deep palmar arch (radial vein dominant)

Question 59

what is the vena comitantes?

Answer 59

veins on both sides of the arteries. Paired veins | highly variable