upper limb Flashcards
Boundaries of the Axilla
Anterior- pectoralis major and minor
Posterior- subscapularis
medial wall- thoracic wall and serattus ant.
Lateral wall- intertubercular groove
contents of the axilla
- axillary artery
- axillary vein
- bicep brachi
- coracobrachialis
- brachial plexus
where does the axillary artery start
it is a continuation of the sublavian and starts at the level of the 1st rib
nerve roots of brachial plexus
C5-T1
what are the nerve roots of the upper trunk
C5,6
what are the nerve roots of the medial trunk
C7
what are the nerve roots of the lower trunk
C8-T1
what is the posterior cord formed of?
posterior sections from all the trunk
nerve root value of C5-T1
the medial cord contains?
this contains the anterior section of the lower trunk
root value C8-T1
the lateral cord contains?
This contains the anterior section of the upper and middle trunk
root value C5-7
what are the branches of the lateral cord?
Musculocutaneous
lateral root of median nerve
branches of the medial cord?
Medial root of the median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Braches of the posterior cord?
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
what does the musculotaneous nerve innervate?
Motor- musles of anterior arm
Sensory - lateral aspect of the forearm (lateral cutaneous nerve)
what does the median nerve supply?
Motor- flexors and pronators of the forearm (excluding the FDP and the FCU), thenar muscles and lateral 2 lumbricals.
Sensory- lateral aspect of the palm
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Motor- Flexor carpi ulnaris and FDP and intrinsic muscles of the hand
Sensory- palm medial 1 and half digits and palmar aspect and dorsum of same region
(C8-T1)
Axillary nerve supplies?
Motor- teres major and minor, deltoid
sensory- regimental badge area
(C5-6)
Radial nerve supplies
Motor- tricep brachii, extensor muscles of forearm
Sensory- posterior forearm, top of lateral 3.5 digits
where is the median nerve most susceptible to damage
the elbow
what palsy arises if there is damage of the axillary nerve
erb’s palsy (shoulder distosia)
where do you test for sensation of axillary nerve
regimental badge region
where is the radial nerve most likely to be damaged
the axilla and in radial groove
where is the ulnar nerve most likely to get damaged
at the elbow
what is the name of the communicating vein between the basillic and the cephalic
the median cubital vein
the cephalic vein runs
laterally and superficial
the basilli vein runs
deep and medial
the radial artery give rise to…
deep palmar arch
the ulnar artery gives rise to…
superficial palmar arch
what are the bones of the shoulder joint?
clavicle and scapula
what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane joint
the sternoclavicular joint is a…
synovial saddle joint
Where is the weakest part of the clavicle?
between the 2 curvatures
what is the area superior to the spine of the scapula known as?
supraspinatous fossa
the region below the spine of the scapula is known as…
infraspinatous fossa
what muscle is responsible for elevation of the shoulder
levitator scapulae
what muscle is responsible for depression of the shoulder joint?
lattisamus dorsi, trapezius
Protaction of the shoulder joint by…
serratus anterior
retraction of the shoulder joint by…
rhomboids and trapezius
lateral rotation of shoulder joint by…
trapezius
Medial rotation of shoulder joint by…
rhomboids
flexion of shoulder joint …
anterior deltoids
Extension of shoulder joint
posterior deltoids
trapezius muscle
elevates and depresses the shoulder
retracts the shoulder
laterally rotates the shoulder
the levator scapulae
elevates the scapula
medially rotates the scapula
lattisamus dorsi
depresses the shoulder
pectoralis major
protracts the shoulder
serattus anterior
protracts the shoulder
laterally rotates the shoulder
rhomboids
retract the shoulder
medially rotates the shoulder
pectoralis minor
medially rotates the shoulder
what kind of joint is the shoulder joint?
synovial ball and socket
what are the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint?
the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity
what is the glenoid labrum?
ring of cartilage surrounding the glenoid cavity to increase stability of the joint
what is the function of ligaments in the shoulder joint
to increase stability
attachments of the coracromial liagment
coracoid process and acromion
attachments of coracohumeral ligament
coracoid process, the humerus
attachements of glenohumeral ligament
glenoid cavity and humerus
what is the weakest region of the shoulder joint?
the inferior region (no ligament)
what is the function of the bursa in the shoulder joint?
reduce friction
is the subacromial bursa communicating with the joint cavity?
no
does the subscapular bursa comminicate with the joint cavity
yes
what bursa is likely to be affected in an impingement?
subacromial
what muscles are described as the rotator cuff muscles?
subscapularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
what is the most important role of the rotator cuff muscles
to hold the head of the humerus in place
what movements are the rotator cuff responsible for
flexion, extension, lateral and medial rotation
what are the components of the deltoid
anterior, medial and posterior
what is the action of the anterior deltoid
felxion and medial rotation
what is the action of the middle deltoid
abduction of the shoulder joint
what is the action of the posterior deltoid
extension of the shoulde
lateral rotation of the shoulder
what nerve innervates the deltoid muscle
the axillary nerve
what is the action of the pectoralis major
adducts and medially rotates
the pect. major is supplied by…
medial and lateral pectoralis nerves
resposible for flexion of the shoulder joint?
Anterior deltoid, corachobracialis
responsible for extension of the shoulder joint?
posterior deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major
adduction of the shoulder
pectoralis major
Abduction of the shoulder
middle part of deltoid
internal rotation of shoulder
subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major
external rotation of the shoulder
infraspinatous, teres major
the front of the arm contains…
flexors
the back of the arm contains
extensors
name the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
- bicep Brachii
- corachobracialis
- brachialis
where does the long head of the bicep originate
supraglenoid tubercule
where does the common tendon of the bicep brachii insert
the tuberosity of the radius
the origin of the short head of the bicep is
the coracoid process
what is the action of the bicep brachii
- supinator of the radioulnar joint
- flexes the shoulder and elbow joint
what nerve supplies the Bicep brachii
the musculocutaneous
what is the origin of the coracobrachialis
the coracoid process
what is the action of the coracobrachialis
flexion of the arm at the shouldre joint
corachobrachialis is supplied by…
the musculocutaenous
the origin of the brachialis is…
the shaft of the hummerus
insertion of the brachialis is the….
coronoid process of the ulna
what nerve supplies the brachialis
the musculocutaneous nerve
where does the brachial artery divide
at the radial neck
what does the brachial artery give rise to
the radial aretery and the ulnar artery
what is the course of the median nerve
it descends laterally to the axillary artery and upper part of brachial artery
the nerve crosses the brachial artery and runs medially along it to the cubital fossa
what is supplied by the median nerve
the flexors of the forearm
excluding the FDP and FCU
what compartment of the arm is the ulnar nerve found
the posterior comparment through an intermuscular septum
where does the ulnar nerve innervate
musceles of the hand and the FDP and FCU
what are the borders of the cubital fossa
base- line between 2 epicondyles
medial border- lateral boders of pronator teres
lateral border- brachioradialis
contents of the cubital fossa
brachial artery
radial nerve
median nerve
bicep tendon
what is the muscle found in the posterior arm
tricep
where is the origin of the long head of the tricep
infraglenoid tubercule
where is the common tendon of the tricep inserted
the olecranon of the ulna
what is the action of the tricep?
extension of the elbow
what is the nerve supply of the tricep
the radial nerve
what is the radial nerve a branch of
the posterior cord
what does the radial nerve innervate
the extensor muscles of wrist and elbow
the radial nerve is most suceptible to damage where
the radial groove
what is the root value of the radial nerve
C5-T1
what is characterisitc of a radial nerve injury
wrist drop
what type of joint is the elbow joint
synovial hinge joint
what movement is there at elbow joint
flexion and extension
what is the function of the annular ligament
hold the head of the radius
what are the ligaments of the elbow
ulnar collateral ligament and radial collateral ligament
what are the flexors of the elbow joint?
brachialis
bicep brachiii
brachoradialis
what are the extensors of the elbow joint
tricep of brachii
anoconeus
what kind of joint is the radio-ulnar joint
pivot synovial joint
what is the movement of the radio-ulnar joint?
supination and pronation
what muscles are responsible for supination?
supinator and bicep brachii
what muscles are responsible for pronation?
pronator quadratus and pronator teres
what are the muscles in the superficial group of the anterior forearm
pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
what are the muscles of the anterior forearm supplied by
the median nerve and the ulnar nerve (FDP, FCU)
the muscles of the intermediate group of the forearm?
flexordigitorum superficialis
the muscles of the deep group of the forearm are…
Flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
pronator quadratus
what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
flexes the wrist and adducts the wrist
what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis
flexes the wrist and abducts the wrist
where does the FDS insert?
To the MP joints and The IP joints
what is the action of the FDP?
flexes the wrist and all of the joints of the fingers
what is the action of the flexor policus longus
to flex the thumb
what is the carpal tunnel
a passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the scaphoid and trapezium (laterally) and the pisiform and hamate (medially )
what passes through the carpal tunnel
Tendon of FDP, Tendon of FDS, tendon of flexor pollicus longus and median nerve
the palmar apenurosis is a continuation of what
palmaris longus
