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MSK anatomy > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Axilla

A

Anterior- pectoralis major and minor
Posterior- subscapularis
medial wall- thoracic wall and serattus ant.
Lateral wall- intertubercular groove

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2
Q

contents of the axilla

A
  • axillary artery
  • axillary vein
  • bicep brachi
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachial plexus
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3
Q

where does the axillary artery start

A

it is a continuation of the sublavian and starts at the level of the 1st rib

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4
Q

nerve roots of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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5
Q

what are the nerve roots of the upper trunk

A

C5,6

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6
Q

what are the nerve roots of the medial trunk

A

C7

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7
Q

what are the nerve roots of the lower trunk

A

C8-T1

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8
Q

what is the posterior cord formed of?

A

posterior sections from all the trunk

nerve root value of C5-T1

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9
Q

the medial cord contains?

A

this contains the anterior section of the lower trunk

root value C8-T1

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10
Q

the lateral cord contains?

A

This contains the anterior section of the upper and middle trunk
root value C5-7

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11
Q

what are the branches of the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous

lateral root of median nerve

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12
Q

branches of the medial cord?

A

Medial root of the median nerve

Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

Braches of the posterior cord?

A

Radial nerve

Axillary nerve

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14
Q

what does the musculotaneous nerve innervate?

A

Motor- musles of anterior arm

Sensory - lateral aspect of the forearm (lateral cutaneous nerve)

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15
Q

what does the median nerve supply?

A

Motor- flexors and pronators of the forearm (excluding the FDP and the FCU), thenar muscles and lateral 2 lumbricals.
Sensory- lateral aspect of the palm

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16
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Motor- Flexor carpi ulnaris and FDP and intrinsic muscles of the hand
Sensory- palm medial 1 and half digits and palmar aspect and dorsum of same region
(C8-T1)

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17
Q

Axillary nerve supplies?

A

Motor- teres major and minor, deltoid
sensory- regimental badge area
(C5-6)

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18
Q

Radial nerve supplies

A

Motor- tricep brachii, extensor muscles of forearm

Sensory- posterior forearm, top of lateral 3.5 digits

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19
Q

where is the median nerve most susceptible to damage

A

the elbow

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20
Q

what palsy arises if there is damage of the axillary nerve

A

erb’s palsy (shoulder distosia)

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21
Q

where do you test for sensation of axillary nerve

A

regimental badge region

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22
Q

where is the radial nerve most likely to be damaged

A

the axilla and in radial groove

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23
Q

where is the ulnar nerve most likely to get damaged

A

at the elbow

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24
Q

what is the name of the communicating vein between the basillic and the cephalic

A

the median cubital vein

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25
Q

the cephalic vein runs

A

laterally and superficial

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26
Q

the basilli vein runs

A

deep and medial

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27
Q

the radial artery give rise to…

A

deep palmar arch

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28
Q

the ulnar artery gives rise to…

A

superficial palmar arch

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29
Q

what are the bones of the shoulder joint?

A

clavicle and scapula

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30
Q

what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial plane joint

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31
Q

the sternoclavicular joint is a…

A

synovial saddle joint

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32
Q

Where is the weakest part of the clavicle?

A

between the 2 curvatures

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33
Q

what is the area superior to the spine of the scapula known as?

A

supraspinatous fossa

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34
Q

the region below the spine of the scapula is known as…

A

infraspinatous fossa

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35
Q

what muscle is responsible for elevation of the shoulder

A

levitator scapulae

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36
Q

what muscle is responsible for depression of the shoulder joint?

A

lattisamus dorsi, trapezius

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37
Q

Protaction of the shoulder joint by…

A

serratus anterior

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38
Q

retraction of the shoulder joint by…

A

rhomboids and trapezius

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39
Q

lateral rotation of shoulder joint by…

A

trapezius

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40
Q

Medial rotation of shoulder joint by…

A

rhomboids

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41
Q

flexion of shoulder joint …

A

anterior deltoids

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42
Q

Extension of shoulder joint

A

posterior deltoids

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43
Q

trapezius muscle

A

elevates and depresses the shoulder
retracts the shoulder
laterally rotates the shoulder

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44
Q

the levator scapulae

A

elevates the scapula

medially rotates the scapula

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45
Q

lattisamus dorsi

A

depresses the shoulder

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46
Q

pectoralis major

A

protracts the shoulder

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47
Q

serattus anterior

A

protracts the shoulder

laterally rotates the shoulder

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48
Q

rhomboids

A

retract the shoulder

medially rotates the shoulder

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49
Q

pectoralis minor

A

medially rotates the shoulder

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50
Q

what kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

synovial ball and socket

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51
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint?

A

the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity

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52
Q

what is the glenoid labrum?

A

ring of cartilage surrounding the glenoid cavity to increase stability of the joint

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53
Q

what is the function of ligaments in the shoulder joint

A

to increase stability

54
Q

attachments of the coracromial liagment

A

coracoid process and acromion

55
Q

attachments of coracohumeral ligament

A

coracoid process, the humerus

56
Q

attachements of glenohumeral ligament

A

glenoid cavity and humerus

57
Q

what is the weakest region of the shoulder joint?

A

the inferior region (no ligament)

58
Q

what is the function of the bursa in the shoulder joint?

A

reduce friction

59
Q

is the subacromial bursa communicating with the joint cavity?

A

no

60
Q

does the subscapular bursa comminicate with the joint cavity

A

yes

61
Q

what bursa is likely to be affected in an impingement?

A

subacromial

62
Q

what muscles are described as the rotator cuff muscles?

A

subscapularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor

63
Q

what is the most important role of the rotator cuff muscles

A

to hold the head of the humerus in place

64
Q

what movements are the rotator cuff responsible for

A

flexion, extension, lateral and medial rotation

65
Q

what are the components of the deltoid

A

anterior, medial and posterior

66
Q

what is the action of the anterior deltoid

A

felxion and medial rotation

67
Q

what is the action of the middle deltoid

A

abduction of the shoulder joint

68
Q

what is the action of the posterior deltoid

A

extension of the shoulde

lateral rotation of the shoulder

69
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid muscle

A

the axillary nerve

70
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major

A

adducts and medially rotates

71
Q

the pect. major is supplied by…

A

medial and lateral pectoralis nerves

72
Q

resposible for flexion of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior deltoid, corachobracialis

73
Q

responsible for extension of the shoulder joint?

A

posterior deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major

74
Q

adduction of the shoulder

A

pectoralis major

75
Q

Abduction of the shoulder

A

middle part of deltoid

76
Q

internal rotation of shoulder

A

subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major

77
Q

external rotation of the shoulder

A

infraspinatous, teres major

78
Q

the front of the arm contains…

A

flexors

79
Q

the back of the arm contains

A

extensors

80
Q

name the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  1. bicep Brachii
  2. corachobracialis
  3. brachialis
81
Q

where does the long head of the bicep originate

A

supraglenoid tubercule

82
Q

where does the common tendon of the bicep brachii insert

A

the tuberosity of the radius

83
Q

the origin of the short head of the bicep is

A

the coracoid process

84
Q

what is the action of the bicep brachii

A
  • supinator of the radioulnar joint

- flexes the shoulder and elbow joint

85
Q

what nerve supplies the Bicep brachii

A

the musculocutaneous

86
Q

what is the origin of the coracobrachialis

A

the coracoid process

87
Q

what is the action of the coracobrachialis

A

flexion of the arm at the shouldre joint

88
Q

corachobrachialis is supplied by…

A

the musculocutaenous

89
Q

the origin of the brachialis is…

A

the shaft of the hummerus

90
Q

insertion of the brachialis is the….

A

coronoid process of the ulna

91
Q

what nerve supplies the brachialis

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

92
Q

where does the brachial artery divide

A

at the radial neck

93
Q

what does the brachial artery give rise to

A

the radial aretery and the ulnar artery

94
Q

what is the course of the median nerve

A

it descends laterally to the axillary artery and upper part of brachial artery
the nerve crosses the brachial artery and runs medially along it to the cubital fossa

95
Q

what is supplied by the median nerve

A

the flexors of the forearm

excluding the FDP and FCU

96
Q

what compartment of the arm is the ulnar nerve found

A

the posterior comparment through an intermuscular septum

97
Q

where does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

musceles of the hand and the FDP and FCU

98
Q

what are the borders of the cubital fossa

A

base- line between 2 epicondyles
medial border- lateral boders of pronator teres
lateral border- brachioradialis

99
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A

brachial artery
radial nerve
median nerve
bicep tendon

100
Q

what is the muscle found in the posterior arm

A

tricep

101
Q

where is the origin of the long head of the tricep

A

infraglenoid tubercule

102
Q

where is the common tendon of the tricep inserted

A

the olecranon of the ulna

103
Q

what is the action of the tricep?

A

extension of the elbow

104
Q

what is the nerve supply of the tricep

A

the radial nerve

105
Q

what is the radial nerve a branch of

A

the posterior cord

106
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate

A

the extensor muscles of wrist and elbow

107
Q

the radial nerve is most suceptible to damage where

A

the radial groove

108
Q

what is the root value of the radial nerve

A

C5-T1

109
Q

what is characterisitc of a radial nerve injury

A

wrist drop

110
Q

what type of joint is the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge joint

111
Q

what movement is there at elbow joint

A

flexion and extension

112
Q

what is the function of the annular ligament

A

hold the head of the radius

113
Q

what are the ligaments of the elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament and radial collateral ligament

114
Q

what are the flexors of the elbow joint?

A

brachialis
bicep brachiii
brachoradialis

115
Q

what are the extensors of the elbow joint

A

tricep of brachii

anoconeus

116
Q

what kind of joint is the radio-ulnar joint

A

pivot synovial joint

117
Q

what is the movement of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

supination and pronation

118
Q

what muscles are responsible for supination?

A

supinator and bicep brachii

119
Q

what muscles are responsible for pronation?

A

pronator quadratus and pronator teres

120
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial group of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis

121
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior forearm supplied by

A

the median nerve and the ulnar nerve (FDP, FCU)

122
Q

the muscles of the intermediate group of the forearm?

A

flexordigitorum superficialis

123
Q

the muscles of the deep group of the forearm are…

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
pronator quadratus

124
Q

what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexes the wrist and adducts the wrist

125
Q

what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes the wrist and abducts the wrist

126
Q

where does the FDS insert?

A

To the MP joints and The IP joints

127
Q

what is the action of the FDP?

A

flexes the wrist and all of the joints of the fingers

128
Q

what is the action of the flexor policus longus

A

to flex the thumb

129
Q

what is the carpal tunnel

A

a passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the scaphoid and trapezium (laterally) and the pisiform and hamate (medially )

130
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel

A

Tendon of FDP, Tendon of FDS, tendon of flexor pollicus longus and median nerve

131
Q

the palmar apenurosis is a continuation of what

A

palmaris longus

MSK anatomy (1 decks)

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