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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the Pectoral Region?

A

1) Pectoralis Major
2) Pectoralis Minor
3) Serratus Anterior
4) Subclavius

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2
Q

Where does Pec. Major originate?

A

Sternum and clavicle (2 heads)

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3
Q

Where does Pec. Major insert?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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4
Q

Pec. Major actions

A

Upper limb

  • adduction
  • medial rotation
  • flexion (clavicular head only)

Scapula

  • anterior inferior
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5
Q

Pec. Major innervation

A

Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves

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6
Q

Pec. minor origin

A

Ribs 3-5

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7
Q

Pec. Minor insertion

A

coracoid process

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8
Q

Pec. Minor actions

A

scapula anterior inferior

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9
Q

Pec. Minor innervation

A

Medical pectoral nerve

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10
Q

Serratus Anterior origin

A

Ribs 1-8 laterally

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior insertion

A

Scapula medially (costal surface)

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12
Q

Serratus Anterior actions

A

scapula rotation (allows arm raise >90 degrees)

‘holds’ scapula against rib cage

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13
Q

Serratus Anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

What would a winged scapula appearance be a sign of?

A

Damaged Long Thoracic nerve

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15
Q

What would be the clinical sign of a damaged long thoracic nerve and why?

A

winged scapula

Long thoracic nerve supplies Serratus Anterior which ‘holds’ scapula against rib cage

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16
Q

Subclavius origin

A

junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage

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17
Q

Subclavius insertion

A

inferior middle 1/3rd of clavicle

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18
Q

Subclavius function

A

depress and anchor clavicle

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19
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

subclavian nerve

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20
Q

What are the general origin and insertions of extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

origin- torso insertion - shoulder bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus)

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21
Q

What are the general origins and insertions of intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

origin - scapula/clavicle

insertion - humerus

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A
  1. trapezius
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator Scapulae
  4. Rhomboid Major
  5. Rhomboid Minor
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Trapezius Origin

A

Skull

Nuchal Ligament

Spinous processes C7-T12

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26
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

Clavicle

Acromion

Scapula Spine

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27
Q

Trapezius Actions

A

Scapula

  • elevation (upper fibres)
  • rotation (upper fibres)
  • retraction (middle fibres)
  • inferior (lower fibres)
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28
Q

Trapezius Innvervation

A

Accessory nerve

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29
Q

How do you test the accessory nerve

A

Ask pt to shrug shoulders

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

A

spinous processes T6-T12

thoracolumbar fascia

inferior 3 ribs

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32
Q

Latissimus Dorsi insertion

A

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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33
Q

Latissimus Dorsi actions

A

Upper limb

  • extension
  • adduction
  • medial rotation
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34
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve

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35
Q

Which nerve innervates all the deep muscles of the shoulder?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

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36
Q

Levator Scapulae origin

A

transverse process C1-C4

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37
Q

Levator Scapulae insertion

A

medial scapula border

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38
Q

Levator Scapulae Action

A

elevate scapula

39
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

Dorsal Scapula Nerve

40
Q

Rhomboid Major origin

A

Spinous process T2-T5

41
Q

Rhomboid Major insertion

A

medial border of scapula

42
Q

Rhomboid Major action

A

Retract and Rotate Scapula

43
Q

Rhomboid Major innervation

A

Dorsal Scapula Nerve

44
Q

Rhomboid Minor origin

A

Spinous process C7-T1

45
Q

Rhomboid Minor insertion

A

medial border of scapula

46
Q

Rhomboid Minor action

A

Retract and Rotate Scapula

47
Q

Rhomboid Minor Innervation

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

48
Q
A
49
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Teres Major
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Infraspinatus
  5. Subscapularis
  6. Teres Minor
50
Q

Deltoid Origin

A

Scapula and Clavicle

51
Q

Deltoid Insertion

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (lateral)

52
Q

Deltoid Action

A

Arm

  • flexion (anterior fibres)
  • extension (posterior fibres)
  • abduction 15-90 degrees (middle fibres)
53
Q

Deltoid Innervation

A

Axillary Nerve

54
Q

Teres Major Origin

A

Posterior scapula

55
Q

Teres Major Insertion

A

intertubercular sulus of humerus

56
Q

Teres Major action

A

arm

  • medial rotation
  • adduction (at shoulder)
57
Q

Teres Major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

58
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Subscapularis
  4. Teres Minor
59
Q

Supraspinatus origin

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

60
Q

supraspinatous insertion

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

61
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

arm

  • abduction until 15 degrees
  • abduction assistance until 90 degrees
62
Q

Supraspinatus innvervation

A

suprascapular nerve

63
Q

Infraspinatus origin

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

64
Q

infraspinatus insertion

A

greater tubercle of humerus

65
Q

infraspinatus action

A

arm - lateral rotation

66
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

67
Q

subscapularis origin

A

subscapular fossa of scapula (costal surface)

68
Q

Subscapularis insertion

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

69
Q

subscapularis action

A

arm - medial rotation

70
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

71
Q

Teres Minor origin

A

posterior scapula

72
Q

Teres Minor insertion

A

greater tubercle of humerus

73
Q

Teres minor action

A

arm - lateral rotation

74
Q

Teres Minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

75
Q

Which muscles are in the upper arm?

A
  1. Biceps Brachii
  2. Coracobrachialis
  3. Brachialis
  4. Triceps Brachii
76
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the upper arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

77
Q

Biceps Brachii origin

A

Supraglenoid tuberosity of scapula (long head)

coracoid process (short head)

78
Q

Biceps Brachii insertion

A

Radial tuberosity

forearm fascia (via bicipital aponeurosis)

79
Q

Biceps Brachii action

A

arm

  • flexion
  • supination (forearm)
80
Q

Biceps Brachii innvervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

81
Q

Coracobrachialis origin

A

coracoid process

82
Q

Coracobrachialis insertion

A

medial humerus

83
Q

Coracobrachialis action

A

arm

  • flexion
  • adduction
84
Q

Coracobrachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

85
Q

Brachialis origin

A

medial and lateral humerus

86
Q

Brachialis insertion

A

ulna tuberosity

87
Q

Brachialis action

A

arm flexion

88
Q

Brachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

89
Q

Triceps Brachii origin

A
  1. infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
  2. humerus superior to radial groove (lateral head)
  3. humerus inferior to radial groove (medial head)
90
Q

Triceps Brachii insertion

A

ulna olecrannon

91
Q

Triceps Brachii action

A

arm

  • extension
92
Q

Triceps Brachii innervation

A

Radial Nerve

93
Q

Which spinal segments do the biceps and triceps tendon reflexes test?

A

Biceps - C6

Triceps - C7

Anatomy (3 decks)

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