Upper Limb Flashcards
infraspinatus
RTC
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapular
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve C4-C6
action: external rotation
teres minor
RTC
origin: lateral border of scapular
inserts: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve C5 C6
action: external rotation, weak adduction
subscapularis
RTC
origin: subscapular fossa of scapular
inserts: lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: subscapular nerve C5 C6
action: internal rotation
Supraspinatus
rotator cuff muscle
origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
inserts: greater tuberosity of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve C4-C6
action: initiation of abduction
coracobrachialis
originates at the coracoid process of scapula
inserts in line with crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus
innervation: musculocutaneous C5-C7
action: flexion, adduction, internal rotation
deltoid clavicular part
origin: lateral one third of clavicle
insert: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve C5 C6
action: flexion, internal rotation, adduction
deltoid acromial part
origin: acromion
insert: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve C5 C6
action: abduction
deltoid spinal part
origin: scapular spine
insert: lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillary C5 C6
action: extension, external rotation, adduction
Pectoralis Major (3 parts)
Clavicular part: originates at the medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal part: originates at the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
Abdominal part: originates anterior layer of rectus sheath
inserts at the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerve C5-T1
actions: adduction, internal rotation
clavicular and sternocostal parts: flexion; assist in respiration when shoulders are fixed
Subclavius
origin: 1st ribs
inserts: inferior surface of clavicle
innervation: nerve to subclavius C5 C6
action: steadies the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint
pectoralis minor
origin: 3rd to 5th ribs
insert: coracoid process
innervation: medical pectoral nerve C8-T1
action: draws scapula downwardly, causing inderior angle to move posteromedially; rotates glenoid inferiorly; assits in respiration
Serratus Anterior
origin: 1st to 9th ribs
inserts: medial border of scapula
innervation: long thoracic nerve C5-C7
action: superior part- lowers the raised arm
intermediate part- entire msucles—draws scapula laterally forward; elevate ribs when shoulder is fixed
inferior part: rotates scapula laterally
teres major
origin: inferior angle of scapula
insert: crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus
innervation: lower subscapular nerve C5-C7
action: internal rotation, adduction, extension
biceps
long head: origin- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: origin- coracoid process of scapula
insert: radial tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5 C6
action at elbow joint: flexion and supination
shoulder joint: flexion, stabalization of humeral head during deltoid contractionl abduction and interal rotation of the humerus
Brachialis
origin: distal half of anterior surface
insert: ulnar tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C6 and radial nerve C7 minor
action: flexion at elbow joint
Triceps brachii (3 parts)
long head: originates infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
medial head: originates posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove, medial intermuscular septum
lateral head: posterior humerus, proximal to radial groove; lateral intermuscular septum
all insert: olecranon of ulna
innervation: radial nerve C6-C8
action: at elbow- extension
at shoulder joint: long head- extension and adduction
anconeus
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (variance; posterior joint capsule)
insert: radial surface on olecranon of ulna
inneration: radial nerve C6-C8
action: extends elbow and tightens its joint
What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve
detloid, teres minor
what muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve C5 C6 and musculocutaneous C5-C7
biceps brachii
brachialis
and choracobrachialis
Pronator Teres
Origin- humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: coronoid process
insertion: lateral radius
innervation: medial nerve C6-C7
action: weak elbow flexor, forearm pronation
Flexor carpi radialis
origin: medical epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
innervation: medial nerve C7-C8
action: wrist flexion and hand abduction (radial deviation)
Palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle
insertion: palmar aponeurosis
innervation: medial nerve C7-C8
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: humeral head: medial epicondyle
ulnar head: olecranon
insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
innervation: ulnar nerve C-T1
action: wrist flexion and hand adduction (ulnar deviation)
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin- ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus
radial head: upper half of anterior border of radius
insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
innervation: medial nerve C8-T1
action: weak elbow flexion, flexion of wrists, MCP, and PIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
flexor digitorum profundus
origin: ulnar and interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd and 5th digits (palmar surface)
innervation: medial nerve C8-T1 and ulnar nerve C8-T1
action: flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP of 2nd to 5th digits
FLexor pollis longus
origin: mid anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)
innervation: medial nerve C8-T1
action: wrist flexion and abduction of hand, flexion of thumb
pronator quadrates
origin: distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)
insertion: distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)
innervation: medial nerve C8-T1
action: pronation of hand, stabalization of radioulnar joint
Brachio radialis
origin: distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
insertion: styloid process of radius
innervation: radial nerve C5-C6
action: elbow flexion, forearm semipronation
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
insertion: 2nd metacarpal base
innervation: radial nerve C6-C7
action: weak elbow flexion, wrist extension and abduction
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: 3rd metacarpal base
innveration: radial nerve C7-C8
action: weak elbow flexion, wrist extension and abduction
Extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal digital expansion of 2nd - 5th digits
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: wrist extension, extension and abduction of 2nd - 5th digits
Extensor digiti minimi
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: wrist extension, ulnar deviation (adduction), extension and abduction of 5th digit
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, dorsal surface of ulnar head
insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: wrist extension, adduction of hand
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
origin: scaphoid and trapezium
insertion: base proximal phlanax of thumb
innervation: median nerve
action: thumb abduction
flexor pollicis brevis
origin: superficial head- flexor retinaculum
deep head: capitate and trapezium
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
innervation: superficial head- median nerve
deep head- ulnar nerve
action: thumb flexion
Abductor Pollicis Longus
origin: dorsal surfaces of radius and ulna
insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: abduction of hand at radiocarpal joint, abduction of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: base of phalanx of thumb
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: abduction of hand at radiocarpal joint, extension of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus
origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: base of distal phlanx of thumb
innervation: radial nerve C7-C8
action: wrist extension and abduction of hand, adduction and extension of thumb
supinator
origin: olecranon, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of radius
insertion: radius (between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres)
innervation: radial nerce C6-C7
action: supination at radioulnar joints
