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Radiology Positioning > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the second group of bones in the finger called?

A

Metacarpals

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2
Q

What is the most distal bones of the hand called?

A

Phalanges

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3
Q

What is the joint called between the first 2 phalanges?

A

DIP

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4
Q

What is the joint called between the 2nd and 3rd phalange?

A

PIP

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5
Q

What is the most proximal joint in the finger?

A

MCP

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6
Q

What is the joint called at the most proximal end of the metacarpals?

A

CMC

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7
Q

What is the small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius.

A

Ulnar notch

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8
Q

What is the position called, and you bend the hand or wrist from its natural position toward the side of the ulna?

A

Ulnar deviation

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9
Q

What is the position called, and you bend the hand or wrist from its natural position toward the side of the radius?

A

Radial deviation

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10
Q

What is the type of imaging done to image tendons and ligaments?

A

Arthrogrpahy

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11
Q

Which position is the patient in when examining upper limbs?

A

Typically sitting

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12
Q

What is the common minimum SID for upper limbs?

A

40-44

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13
Q

True or false: Grids are typically used for upper limb examinations

A

False-use non grid or table top

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14
Q

Why is accurate centering and alignment of the body part on the IR and CR important?

A

To avoid shape and size distortion and to demonstrate narrow joint spaces clearly

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15
Q

Should the upper limb you are imaging be parallel or perpendicular to the IR?

A

Parallel

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16
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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17
Q

Too low of a number of what causes graininess on an image?

A

mAs

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18
Q

What will provide the proper penetration to demonstrate the bony cortex and bony trabecular markings?

A

Density

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19
Q

When positioning a finger, what joints should appear open?

A

MCP and interphalangeal joints

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20
Q

If a finger is in true lateral position, what will be indicated?

A

Anterior surface of the shaft of the phalanges

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21
Q

What is the degree of wrist rotation for a PA oblique projection?

A

45

22
Q

In a true lateral position of the forearm, what is the degree of flexion of the elbow?

A

90

23
Q

If there is no rotation present in a properly positioned lateral forearm, using a lateromedial projection, what bones should be superimposed?

A

Radius and ulna

24
Q

What are the 2 joint classifications of the upper limbs?

A

Synovial and diarthrodial

25
Q

What is the name of the small depression located on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?

A

Coronoid fossa

26
Q

Which bone is the olecranon process apart of?

A

Ulna

27
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the base of the 5th metacarpal?

A

Hamate

28
Q

The anterior or palmar surface of the wrist is termed what?

A

Carpal sulcus

29
Q

A fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment is termed?

A

Colles’

30
Q

Which joint classification describes the humeroulnar articulation of the elbow?

A

Ginglymus

31
Q

When the hand is flat, what position is the thumb in?

A

Oblique

32
Q

Which bone does a Boxer’s fracture effect?

A

The neck of the 5th metacarpal

33
Q

How many individual bones make up the hand and the wrist?

A

27

34
Q

What is the name of the structure located on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus?

A

Capitulum

35
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the 3rd and 4th metacarpal?

A

Capitate

36
Q

For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to what?

A

3rd MP joint

37
Q

Which wrist projection best demonstrates the intercarpal joints?

A

AP

38
Q

Which position of the elbow will clearly demonstrate the radial neck free of superimposition?

A

Lateral oblique

39
Q

What happens to the radius and ulna on a PA view?

A

The radius crosses over the ulna

40
Q

What projection can be done in place of an AP if the elbow cannot be fully extended?

A

AP partial flexion

41
Q

What is the kVp range for fingers, wrist, hand?

A

55-65

42
Q

What is the kVp range for forearm and elbow?

A

60-75

43
Q

Which projection of the elbow results in the least superimposition of the olecranon process?

A

Lateral

44
Q

What type of positioning error is present when the AP projection demonstrates excessive separation between the proximal radius and ulna?

A

Excessive lateral rotation

45
Q

In an AP oblique projection using a lateral rotation of the elbow, what should be visualized and free of superimposition?

A

Radial head and neck

46
Q

What projection requires an angle of the CR 10-15 degrees proximally, along long axis of the forearm and toward the elbow?

A

PA + PA axial scaphoid with ulnar deviation

47
Q

If you can see the interphalangeal joints opened on a finger image, that would indicate what?

A

The hand was fully pronated, and the correct CR position was used

48
Q

What are 3 positioning principals for the upper limb?

A
  1. Part should be parallel to plane of IR
  2. CR 90 degrees or perpendicular to the part of the IR
  3. CR should be directed to correct centering point
49
Q

What are the 4 principal exposure factors in radiography for the upper limbs?

A
  1. Lower to medium kVp
  2. Short exposure time
  3. Small focal spot
  4. Adequate mAs for sufficient density
50
Q

What is the joint between the radius and carpal ones called?

A

Radiocarpal joint

Radiology Positioning (1 decks)

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