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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis major attachments

A

Clavicular head- anterior medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- anterior sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages
Intertubercular sulcus humerus

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2
Q

Pectoralis major function

A

Adduction and medial rotation arm
Clavicular head flexes arm

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3
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Lateral and medial Pectoralis nerves

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4
Q

Pectoralis minor attachments

A

3-5th anterior ribs
Coracoid process scapula

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor function

A

Stabilises scapula (pulls anteroinferiorly)

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6
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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7
Q

Serratus anterior attachments

A

Lateral aspects rib 1-8
Costal surface medial scapula

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8
Q

Serratus anterior function

A

Rotates scapula during arm flexion, holds scapula against ribcage

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9
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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10
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury

A

Serratus anterior no longer holds scapula against rib cage causing winged scapula

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11
Q

Trapezius attachments

A

Skull, nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T12
Clavicle, acromion, scapula spine

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12
Q

Trapezius function

A

Upper fibres elevate and rotate scapula during arm abduction
Middle fibres retract scapula
Lower fibres pull scapula inferiorly

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13
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Motor from accessory nerve
Proprioception from C3/ C4

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14
Q

How to test accessory nerve

A

Usually damaged iatrogenically, if damaged cannot shrug shoulders

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15
Q

Latissimus dorsi attachments

A

Spinous process T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and inferior 3 ribs
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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16
Q

Latissimus dorsi function

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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17
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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18
Q

Levator scapulae attachments

A

Transverse processe C1-C4
Medial border scapula

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19
Q

Levator scapulae function

A

Elevates scapula

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20
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapula nerve

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21
Q

Rhomboid major attachments

A

Spinous processes T2-T5
Medial border scapula

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22
Q

Rhomboid major function

A

Retracts and rotates scapula

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23
Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapula nerve

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24
Q

Rhomboid minor attachments

A

Spinous processes C7-T1
Medial scapula

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25
Q

Rhomboid minor function

A

Retracts and rotates scapula

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26
Q

Rhomboid minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapula nerve

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27
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

Lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect humerus

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28
Q

Deltoid function

A

Anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation
Middle fibres- abduction arm (not first 15 degrees)
Posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation

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29
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

Axillary nerve

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30
Q

Teres major attachments

A

Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula
Medial lip of Intertubercular groove humerus

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31
Q

Teres major function

A

Adduction and extensions shoulder and medial rotation arm

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32
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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33
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

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34
Q

Supraspinatus attachments

A

Supraspinous fossa scapula
Greater tubercle humerus

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35
Q

Supraspinatus function

A

First 15 degree arm abduction

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36
Q

Supraspinatus innervations

A

Suprascapular nerve

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37
Q

Infraspinatus attachments

A

Infraspinous fossa scapula
Greater tubercle humerus

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38
Q

Infraspinatus function

A

Lateral rotation arm

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39
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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40
Q

Subscapularis attachments

A

Subscapular fossa (costal surface)
Lesser tubercle humerus

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41
Q

Subscapularis function

A

Medially rotates arm

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42
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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43
Q

Teres minor attachments

A

Posterior surface scapula next to lateral border
Greater tubercle humerus

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44
Q

Teres minor function

A

Lateral rotation arm

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45
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

Axillary nerve

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46
Q

Biceps brachii attachments

A

Long head- supraglenoid tubercle scapula
Short head- coracoid process scapula
Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm

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47
Q

Biceps brachii function

A

Supination forearm, elbow flexion and shoulder flexion

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48
Q

Biceps brachii innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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49
Q

Coracobrachialis attachments

A

Coracoid process
Medial numeral shaft

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50
Q

Coracobrachialis function

A

Shoulder flexion and some Adduction

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51
Q

Coracobrachialis innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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52
Q

Brachialis attachments

A

Medial and lateral humerus shaft
Ulnar tuberosity

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53
Q

Brachialis function

A

Elbow flexion

54
Q

Brachialis innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (less so radial nerve)

55
Q

Triceps brachii attachments

A

Long head- infraglenoid tubercle scapula
Lateral head- humerus (sup to radial groove)
Medial head- humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Olecranon ulna

56
Q

Triceps brachii function

A

Elbow extension

57
Q

Triceps brachii innervation

A

Radial nerve

58
Q

Name the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm and the tendon from which they arise

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

Common tendon arising from medial epicondyle of humerus

59
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments

A

Medial epicondyle humerus and olecranon of ulna
Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

60
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris function

A

Flexion and Adduction wrist

61
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

62
Q

Palmaris longus attachments

A

Medial epicondyle humerus
Flexor retinaculum wrist

63
Q

Palmaris longus function

A

Wrist flexion

64
Q

Palmaris longus innervation

A

Median nerve

65
Q

Flexor carpi radialis attachments

A

Medial epicondyle humerus
Base of second and third metacarpals

66
Q

Flexor carpi radialis function

A

Flexion and abduction wrist

67
Q

Flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

Median nerve

68
Q

Pronator teres attachments

A

Medial epicondyle humerus and coronoid process ulna
Mid shaft of radius

69
Q

Pronator teres function

A

Pronation forearm

70
Q

Pronator teres innervation

A

Median nerve

71
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis attachments

A

2 heads- medial epicondyle humerus, radius
Splits into 4 tendons which travel through carpal tunnel and attach to base of middle phalanx of 4 fingers

72
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis function

A

Metacarpophalangeal flexion, proximal interphalangeal flexion,
Wrist flexion

73
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

A

Median nerve

74
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus attachments

A

Ulna and interosseous membrane
Forms 4 tendons which pass through carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of 4 fingers

75
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A

Medial half ulnar nerve, lateral half anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

76
Q

Flexor pollicisis longus attachments

A

Anterior radius and interosseous membrane
Distal phalanx thumb

77
Q

Flexor pollicisis longus function

A

Flexion of interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint thumb

78
Q

Flexor pollicisis longus innervation

A

Median nerve

79
Q

Pronator quadratus attachments

A

Anterior ulna
Anterior radius

80
Q

Pronator quadratus function

A

Forearm pronation

81
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

82
Q

Which 4 muscles share a common tendon at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevi
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digi minimi

83
Q

Brachioradialis attachments

A

Proximal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal radius

84
Q

Brachioradialis function

A

Elbow flexion, some supination at proximal radioulnar joint

85
Q

Brachioradialis innervation

A

Radial nerve

86
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis attachments

A

ECRL Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
ECRB lateral epicondyle
Metacarpal 2 and 3

87
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis function

A

Wrist extension and abduction

88
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis innervation

A

Radial nerve

89
Q

Extensor digitorum communis attachments

A

Lateral epicondyle humerus,
Splits into 4 tendons and inserts into extensor good of each finger

90
Q

Extensor digitorum communis function

A

Extension interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints

91
Q

Extensor digitorum communis innervation

A

Radial nerve (deep branch)

92
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris attachments

A

Lateral epicondyle humerus
Base of fifth metacarpal

93
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris function

A

Wrist extension and adduction

94
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

Deep branch radial nerve

95
Q

Supinator attachments

A

Lateral epicondyle humerus and posterior surface ulna
Posterior radius

96
Q

Supinator function

A

Forearm supination

97
Q

Supinator innervation

A

Deep branch radial nerve

98
Q

Abductor pollicis longus attachments

A

Interosseous membrane and posterior radius/ ulna
Lateral first metacarpal

99
Q

Abductor pollicis longus function

A

Thumb abduction

100
Q

Abductor pollicis longus innervation

A

Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve

101
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis attachments

A

Posterior radius and interosseous membrane
Proximal phalanx thumb

102
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis function

A

Extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints thumb

103
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis innervation

A

Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve

104
Q

Extensor pollicis longus attachments

A

Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal phalanx thumb

105
Q

Extensor pollicis longus function

A

Extends all thumb joints

106
Q

Extensor pollicis longus innervation

A

Radial nerve posterior interosseous branch

107
Q

Extensor indicis proprius attachments

A

Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Extensor hood of index finger

108
Q

Extensor indicis proprius function

A

Extends index finger

109
Q

Extensor indicis proprius innervation

A

Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve

110
Q

Radial nerve injury presentation

A

Often caused by damage in axilla (humeral dislocation) or damage in radial groove (humeral shaft fracture)

Unopposed wrist flexion causes wrist drop

111
Q

what is the mnemonic for remembering carpal bones

A

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

112
Q

name the carpal bones

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapeziod, capitate, hamate

113
Q

which 2 veins form from the dorsal venoud network of the hand

A

cephalic vein laterally and basilic vein medially

114
Q

which vein do the cephalic and brachial veins drain into

A

axillary vein

115
Q

which muscle make up superficial posterior shoulder muscles

A

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

116
Q

which muscle make up deep posterior shoulder muscles

A

rhomboids and levetor scapulae

117
Q

what structures surround the apex of the axilla forming the cervico axillary canal through which structures enter the axilla

A

first rib, clavicle, scapula

118
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the axilla

A

pectoralis major and minor

119
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the axilla

A

scapula and subscapularis. inferiorly teres major and latissimus dorsi

120
Q

what forms the medial wall of the axilla

A

thoracic wall with overlying serratus anterior

121
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertubercular sulcus humerus

122
Q

Biceps reflex tests which nerve and spinal cord segments

A

musculocutaneous nerve, C5-C6

123
Q

what forms the superior margin of the cubital fossa

A

an imaginary line between the lateral and medial epicondyle

124
Q

what forms the medial margin of the cubital fossa

A

pronator teres

125
Q

what forms the lateral margin of the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis

126
Q

what forms the floor and roof of the cubital fossa

A

floor brachialis and supinator
roof brachial and antebrachial fascia

127
Q

what is found in the cubital fossa

A

brachial artery splitting into ulnar and radial artery
deep veins
biceps brachii tendon
median nerve
radial nerve (splits into superficial and deep)

128
Q

which muscle forms the intermediate layer of flexors/ pronators of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

129
Q

which muscles form the deep layer of flexors/ pronators of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

Anatomy (1 decks)

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