Upper Limb

Question 1

How can you identify which clavicle is being seen?

Answer 1

Follows shape of the ribs
Pokes out ant. at acromial end

Question 2

Name the different parts of the scapula

Answer 2

Question 3

Where does the biceps attach on the scapula?

Answer 3

Supraglenoid tubercle

Question 4

Where does the triceps attach on the scapula?

Answer 4

Infraglenoid tubercle

Question 5

What does the sternoclavicular joint do?

Answer 5

Connect sternum to clavicle
Very strong

Question 6

What does the acromioclavicular joint do?

Answer 6

Attach acromion process to clavicle and coracoid process

Question 7

What is the anterior rotator cuff muscle?

Answer 7

Subscapularis

Question 8

What are the posterior rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 8

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 9

What muscles hold the humerus in the glenoid fossa?

Answer 9

Infraspinatus wraps around humerus post.
Subscapularis wraps ant.
Supraspinatus wraps sup.

Question 10

What ligaments hold the humerus in the glenoid fossa?

Answer 10

Coracoacromial, coracohumeral and glenohumeral

Question 11

What are the 6 muscles between the axial skeleton and scapula?

Answer 11

Trapezius -> scap spine
Levator scapulae -> neck of scapula
Rhomboids -> medial border
Pec. minor -> @ coracoid
Subclavius
Serratus ant. -> medial border

Question 12

What are the 2 muscles between the axial skeleton and humerus?

Answer 12

Pec. major -> anteriorly
Lat dorsi -> posteriorly, inserts between teres major and insertion of pec. major

Question 13

What are the 7 muscles between the scapula and humerus?

Answer 13

Rotator cuff muscles (4)
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid

Question 14

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 14

SITS
Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres mjaor, supraspinatus

Question 15

What makes the 4 walls of the axilla? (armpit)

Answer 15

Ant. -> pec major & minor
Post. -> Lat dorsi, teres major, subscapularis
Med. -> Thoracic wall & serratus ant.
Lat. -> Intertubercular groove, humerus
Inlet -> nerves and vessels @ neck
Floor -> Axillary fascia and armpit skin

Question 16

What % of shoulder abduction is done by the glenohumeral and scapula?

Answer 16

2/3 is glenohumeral
1/3 is scapula

Question 17

What is the purpose of the infraspinatus?

Answer 17

External rotation

Question 18

What is the purpose of the supraspinatus?

Answer 18

Abduction

Question 19

What is the purpose of the subscapularis?

Answer 19

Internal rotation

Question 20

How is a posteriorly dislocated humerus put back into place?

Answer 20

Internally rotate humerus

Question 21

How is an anteriorly dislocated humerus put back into place?

Answer 21

Needs to be externally rotated

Question 22

What happens if there is a tear in the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 22

Failed initiation of abduction

Question 23

What are 3 factors affecting tendon integrity?

Answer 23

Age, vasculature, over/underuse

Question 24

Where does the biceps brachii attach and insert?

Answer 24

Radial tuberosity/bicipital aponeurosis distally
Long head at supraglenoid tubercle and short head at the corocoid process of scapula proximally

Question 25

Where does brachialis insert and attach?

Answer 25

Arises halfway down humerus and inserts onto ulna

Question 26

Where does coracobrachialis insert and attach?

Answer 26

Coracoid and inserts onto humerus

Question 27

Where does the MC nerve run and what does it supply?

Answer 27

Runs inside the coracobrachialis and supplies anterior compartment of forearm

Question 28

Where does triceps attach and insert?

Answer 28

All insert at olecranon
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Medial head: Posterior humerus
Lateral head: Posterior humerus

Question 29

What supplies the triceps muscles?

Answer 29

Radial nerve

Question 30

What and where is pronator teres?

Answer 30

Pronates hand
On medial aspect of forearm and inserts 1/2 onto radius
Comes from medial epicondyle

Question 31

What and where is flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 31

Insert onto second metacarpal
Flexes hand on radial side
Comes from medial epicondyle

Question 32

What and where is flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 32

Deep to superficial muscles
Attaches to the 4 phalanges on anterior side
Goes under flexor retinaculum
Starts at medial epicondyle

Question 33

What and where is the palmaris longus?

Answer 33

Inserts onto palmar aponeurosis
Comes from medial epicondyle

Question 34

What and where is flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 34

Flex hand on ulna side
Comes from medial epicondyle