Upper Limb Flashcards
Clavicle - features
- S-shaped
- lateral 1/3 - flatted, concaved
- medial 2/3 - thickened, convex
divided to sternal end, shaft and acromial end
Clavicle - function
- attaches upper limb to the trunk (shoulder girlde)
- protects underlying neurovascular structure
- transmit force from upper limb to axial skeleton
Clavicle - articular surface
- between manubrium and sternum to the acromium of scapula
sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint
Ligamentous attachment at the sternal end of the calvicle.
and which surface?
Costoclavicular ligament
- inferior end
Clavicular shaft attachment
(muscular and ligament)
superior
- anterior medial: SCM
- posterior medial: Pect Major
- anterior lateral : Trapezius
- posterior medial: Deltoid
inferior
- anterior medial: sternohyoid
- mid shaft: subclavian muscle in subclavian groove
- tuberosity for conoid lig
- trapezoid lig via oblique line
Acromial end clavicular attachment
- conoid tubercle: conoid ligament ) medial pt of coracoacromial lig)
- trapezoid line: trapezoid ligament (lat pt of coracoacromial lig)
Timing of Clavicle ossification
- first bone to ossify at the lateral end (around 5th and 6th week gestation) (in utero)
- medial end starts at 15 years
- last ossification bone to fuse (22-25yo)
Type of clavicular ossification
lateral end - intramembranous
% clavicle arterial supply
- nutrient br fr suprascapular artery
- clavicular br of thoracoacromial artery from 2nd part of axillary artery
Ossification centres of Clavicle
Scapula - features
- roughly triangle flat bone
- bone of pectoral girdle w articulation connecting to humerus and clavicle
- divides into costal (anterior), lateral and posterior surface
- attaches to 17 muscles!
Costal surface
(aka subscapular fossa)
- large concave depression -subscap fossa
- at the superolateral edge, there is a hook like projection, which is the coracoid process
what attaches to the coracoid process
- pectoralis minor
- coracobrachialis
- short head of biceps
lateral surface (glenohumeral) of the scapula has attachment from
- long head of biceps via supraglenoid tubercle
- long head of triceps via infraglenoid tubercle
Parts of the posterior surface of scapula
- spine
- acromion: projection of spine, extending laterally over the glenohumeral joint, articulates with clavicle to form AC joint
- Infraspinatous fossa: infraspinatous muscle origin
- Supraspinatous fossa: supraspinatous origin
Articulation of the scapula
- glenohumeral joint
- acromioclavicular joint
how many attachments are there on the scapula
17
Muscle attachment to the supraspinatous fossa
supraspinatous muscle
muscle attachment to infraspinatous fossa
- infraspinatus
- teres minor (edge)
subscapula attachment
- subscapularis
- serratus anterior (edge)
attachment to the superior border of the (anterior) blade
inferior belly of omohyoid
( along with transverse scapula ligament)
attachment to the acromion
- acromion part of the deltoid muscle
- trapezius
scapular spine attachment
- spinous part of deltoid muscle
coracoid process attachment
- corachobrachialis
- pectorals minor
- short head of biceps
what attaches to the lateral border of the scapula
- teres minor
- teres major
attachment to the vertebral border of the scapula
- elevator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
attachments to the inferior angle of scapular
- teres major
- small slip of lat dorsi
what attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle
long head of biceps
what attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle
long head of triceps
what crosses the supra scapular notch ?
what travels above and below this?
transverse scapular ligament
- above: suprascapular vessels
- below: suprascapular nerve
ossification of scapular starts at
8 weeks (body)
which part of the scapular ossifies at puberty (14-20yo)
- inferior angle
- acromion
- medial border
the coracoid process has ____ centres and ossifies at_____
- 2 centres
- 12-18 months
the glenoid ossifies at…
10-11 years
Humerus - features
- tubular bone that articulates proximally at the shoulder with glenoid of the scapular and distally at the elbow with radius and ulna
- anatomical head joins greater and lesser tubercle via anatomical neck
- shaft is cylindrical in shape proximally, then flattens into 3 surfaces - anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior)
- condyle articulates with radius and ulna.
- condyle has trochlea, capitellum and medial and lateral epicondyle.
Difference between surgical and anatomical neck of humerus
surgical neck is inferior to the tubercles, just where the shaft begins.
common site for fracture.
anatomical neck joins the head with the tubercles (mores superiorly)
