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Anatomy - Upper Limb > Upper Limb 1 - Station 1: Axilla and Neurovascular Input to Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb 1 - Station 1: Axilla and Neurovascular Input to Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal space below the shoulder joint that provides a passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the lower limb.

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2
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Cords and branches of brachial plexus

Lymph vessles

Axillary lymph nodes

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What muscles form the anterior wall?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

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5
Q

What muscles form the posterior border of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis

Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

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6
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall

Serratus anterior

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7
Q

What part of the humerus forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus

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8
Q

What is shown here and what is it a continuation of?

A

Axillary artery

Continuation of subclavian artery

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9
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Mid clavicular line

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10
Q

What does the axillary artery continue as distally?

A

Brachial artery

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11
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate?

A

Cubital fossa

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12
Q

What does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

A

Ulnar artery

Radial artery

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13
Q

In what clinical condition would compression of the axillary artery be employed?

A

Bleeding profusely from the upper limb (note - it is the location for tourniqets)

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14
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5 - T1

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15
Q

What nerve roots for the upper trunk?

A

C5 & C6

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16
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

The point in the posterior border of the SCM where the 4 branches of the brachial plexus emerge

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Erb’s palsy?

A

Waiter’s tip appearance

Arm medially rotated with wrist fully flexed

18
Q

What are common causes of Erb’s palsy?

A

Fall on the shoulder

Birth injury (most common)

19
Q

Which group of nerves are affected by Erb’s Palsy?

A

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Radial

20
Q

Therefore what muscles are affected by Erb’s Palsy?

A

Musculocutaneous = biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis

Axillary = Deltoid

Radial = brachioradialis

21
Q

Learn brachial plexus from the book

A
22
Q

What is the name given to injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Klumpke’s palsy

23
Q

What muscles are affected by Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Intrinsic hand muscles

Ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Clawing of the hand

25
Q

What are the five major branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Median

Radial

Ulnar

26
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral

Medial

Posterior

27
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord?

A

Lateral pectoral

Lateral root of median nerve

Musculocutaneous

28
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial pectoral

Median nerve

Ulnar

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

29
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

Upper and lower subscapular nerve

30
Q

What is the order of arterial supply to the upper limb starting at aorta?

A

Aorta –> Brachiocephalic –> Subclavian –> Axillary –> Brachial –> Ulnar and radial

31
Q

What is the venous drainage of the upper limb starting with cephalic and basilic?

A
32
Q

How is the dorsal venous arch of the hand drained?

A

The cephalic vein drains it’s LATERAL end

The basillic vein drains its MEDIAL end

33
Q

What are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

34
Q

What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 & C6

35
Q

What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

C6 - T1

36
Q

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5 - T1

37
Q

What are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 & T1

Anatomy - Upper Limb (4 decks)

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