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GI anatomy > upper GI tract > Flashcards

upper GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

components of the gi tract

A

oral cavity
pharynx

oesophagus

stomach
small intestine
large intestine
accessory organs of the GI tract

rectum
anal canal
anus

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2
Q

functions of the GI tract

A

mastication (chewing)
taste
salivation
deglutition (swallowing)

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3
Q

organs involves with mastication

A

Temporomandibular joint
Muscles of TMJ, Face and Tongue
Dentition (teeth)

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4
Q

involved with taste

A

Mastication
Salivation
Tongue

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5
Q

invloved with deglutition

A

Tongue
Palate
Pharynx
Oesophagus

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6
Q

salivation things involved

A 
Salivation
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Minor glands
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7
Q

different types of teeth and how many in total

A

32 teeth

incisor
canine
premolars
molars

(wisdom)

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8
Q

joint that allows chewing

bones that connect to this joint

A

temporomandibular joint

tempotal bone
articular tubercle
mandible
head of condylar process
mandibular fossa
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9
Q

muscles of mastication supplied by what nerve

A

by Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve - CN V3

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10
Q

what the muscles of mastication do and what theyre called

A

3 close, 1 open

temporalis m.
masserter

deeper to the mandible
medial ptertgoid
lateral pterygoid - open

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11
Q

teporomandibular joiuntjoint antomy

A

two cavities divided by an articular disk

superior cavity for translation
inferior cavity for rotation

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12
Q

what is a course of a nerve

A

describes the journey it takes between the CNS and the peripheral structures it supplies

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13
Q

course of the Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A

sensory and motor fibres

course - from pons
through foramen ovale
to muscles of mastication and sensory area

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14
Q

what connects hyloid bone to the mandible

A

muscles of the floor of the mouth

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15
Q

mucosa covering bone that covers socket for bottom teeth

A

gingiva

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16
Q

what nerve supplies the posterier 1/3

A

CN9

17
Q

what nerve supplies the taste of the anterior 2/3rds

A

CN7

18
Q

reason for having filiform papillae

A

tough, tempreature, etc

19
Q

course of the facial nerve

A

from pontomedullary junction

travel through temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen

to supply:
taste anterior 2/3 tongue
Muscles of facial expression
Glands in floor of mouth

20
Q

general sensation of superior half of oral cavity

A

CN V2

21
Q

reason for having gag reflex

A

protective reflex that prevents foregin bodies from entering the pharynx or larynx

22
Q

sensory part of gag reflex and motor part of this reflex is supplied by what nerve

A

sensory CN4

motor CN 4 and 5

23
Q

cource of CN V2

A

from pons
through foramen rotundum
to sensory area (midface)

24
Q

course of CN 4 and name

A

Glossopharyngeal

From medulla

Through jugular foramen

To posterior wall of oropharynx (sensory), parotid gland (secretomotor) and post. 1/3rd Tongue (Sensation and Taste)

25
Q

three main salivary glands and what nerves theyre supplied by

A

paratid gland - CN4
submandibular gland CN7
sublingual gland CN7

26
Q

function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

27
Q

function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

located mainly dorsally/posteriorly

modify the shape of the tongue during function

28
Q

hyperglossal nerve course

A

From medulla

Through hypoglossal canal

To extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of tongue (except palatoglossus)

29
Q

anatomy of swallowing

A

close of lips to prevent drooling

tongue pushes bolus posterior towards oropharynx

. Sequentially contract the pharyngeal constrictor muscles to push the bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus

At the same time the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles contracts to raise the larynx, shortening the pharynx and closing off the laryngeal inlet to help prevent aspiration

The bolus reaches the oesophagus

30
Q

parasympathetic/sympathetic effect on extrinsic nervous system

A

Parasympathetics (speed up peristalsis)

Sympathetics (slow down peristalsis)

31
Q

where does the oesophagus begin

A

inferior edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle - vertebral level C6

32
Q

where does the oesophagus terminate

A

by entering the cardia of the stomach

33
Q

what factors produce the lower oesophageal sphincter effect and what is it for

A

Contraction of diaphragm

Intrabdominal pressure slightly higher than intragastric pressure

Oblique angle at which oesophagus enters the cardia of stomach

helps reduce occurance of reflux

34
Q

anatomical position of lower oesophageal sphincter

A

Lies immediately superior to gastro-oesophageal junction

GI anatomy (6 decks)

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