Upper Gi histology

Question 1

what areas of the body are classed under upper GI?

Answer 1

mouth to duodenum

Question 2

what epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx?

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

what epithelium covers the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

Answer 3

respiratory

Question 4

what epithelium makes the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 4

thin stratified squamous - ventral
thick stratified squamous with papillae - dorsal

Question 5

what epithelium makes the posterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 5

smooth stratified squamous

Question 6

what is present in the submucosa of the posterior tongue?

Answer 6

substantial lymphoid aggregates

Question 7

what are the types of papillae on the tongue?

Answer 7

fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform

Question 8

what papillae dont have taste buds?

Answer 8

filiform

Question 9

what is found in the spaces between papillae?

Answer 9

opening of serous von Ebner glands

Question 10

what is included in the ring of lymphoid tissues of the pharynx?

Answer 10

palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Question 11

what is the ring of tonsils called?

Answer 11

Walders ring

Question 12

where is the GI tract?

Answer 12

oesophagus to anal canal

Question 13

what are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

Answer 13

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa or adventitia

Question 14

what is GI mucosa composed of?

Answer 14

epithelium
lamina propria - loose connective tissue
muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 15

what is the submucosa?

Answer 15

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 16

what is the muscularis externa?

Answer 16

2 thick layers of smooth muscle
- inner circular layer
- outer longitudinal layer

Question 17

what is serosa/ adventitia?

Answer 17

outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs.

Question 18

what does the submucosa of the oesophagus contain?

Answer 18

glands

Question 19

describe the gastro-oesophageal junction?

Answer 19

abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to the simple columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach

Question 20

what does the stomach contain?

Answer 20

gastric pits and glands

Question 21

what are gastric pits in the stomach lined by?

Answer 21

simple columnar epithelium

Question 22

what are glands in the stomach?

Answer 22

invaginations of the mucous membrane

Question 23

what type of cells are in the isthmus of the stomach?

Answer 23

parietal cells
stem cells

Question 24

what cells are in the neck of the stomach?

Answer 24

mucous cells
parietal cells

Question 25

what cells are in the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 25

chief cells few parietal cells enteroendocrine (neuroendocrine) cells

Question 26

what is the function of a chief cell?

Answer 26

digestive enzyme secreting

Question 27

what is the function of a parietal cell?

Answer 27

hydrochloric acid producing

Question 28

describe the mucosa in the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 28

deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

Question 29

describe the mucosa in the body of the stomach?

Answer 29

shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

Question 30

describe the mucosa in the pylorus of the stomach

Answer 30

deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a high density than cardia

Question 31

describe the gastroduodenal junction

Answer 31

inner, circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened to form the pyloric sphincter

Question 32

what does the epithelium of the small intestine contain?

Answer 32

villi crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 33

how long is the duodenum?

Answer 33

25cm

Question 34

what are found in the duodenum submucosa?

Answer 34

Brunner's glands

Question 35

what is the function of Brunner's glands in duodenum?

Answer 35

when stimulated by chyme, produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise

Question 36

how long is the jejunum?

Answer 36

2m

Question 37

describe the jejunum tissue

Answer 37

tallest villi on permanent circular folds of mucosa and submucosa

Question 38

how long is the ileum?

Answer 38

2.75m

Question 39

describe the ileum tissue

Answer 39

shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles in submucosa and lamina propria

Question 40

what are Peyers patches?

Answer 40

aggregations of lymphoid follicles

Question 41

describe enterocytes of the small intestine?

Answer 41

simple columnar epithelium with brush border

Question 42

what are enterocytes?

Answer 42

intestinal absorptive cells

Question 43

what does the duodenum receive from the stomach?

Answer 43

acidic, partly digestive semifluid material (chyme)

Question 44

what type of nervous system does the digestive tract have?

Answer 44

enteric nervous system

Question 45

what does the digestive tract receive input from?

Answer 45

autonomic nervous system

Question 46

where are the plexuses?

Answer 46

submucosa between muscle layers of muscularis externa

Question 47

where is the submucosal plexus?

Answer 47

in the submucosa

Question 48

where is the myenteric plexus?

Answer 48

between muscle layers of the muscularis externa

Question 49

what does the myenteric plexus control?

Answer 49

gut motility