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Module 4 - anatomy > Upper Gi histology > Flashcards

Upper Gi histology Flashcards

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1
Q

what areas of the body are classed under upper GI?

A

mouth to duodenum

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2
Q

what epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

what epithelium covers the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

respiratory

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4
Q

what epithelium makes the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

thin stratified squamous - ventral
thick stratified squamous with papillae - dorsal

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5
Q

what epithelium makes the posterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

smooth stratified squamous

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6
Q

what is present in the submucosa of the posterior tongue?

A

substantial lymphoid aggregates

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7
Q

what are the types of papillae on the tongue?

A

fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform

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8
Q

what papillae dont have taste buds?

A

filiform

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9
Q

what is found in the spaces between papillae?

A

opening of serous von Ebner glands

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10
Q

what is included in the ring of lymphoid tissues of the pharynx?

A

palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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11
Q

what is the ring of tonsils called?

A

Walders ring

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12
Q

where is the GI tract?

A

oesophagus to anal canal

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13
Q

what are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa or adventitia

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14
Q

what is GI mucosa composed of?

A

epithelium
lamina propria - loose connective tissue
muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle

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15
Q

what is the submucosa?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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16
Q

what is the muscularis externa?

A

2 thick layers of smooth muscle
- inner circular layer
- outer longitudinal layer

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17
Q

what is serosa/ adventitia?

A

outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs.

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18
Q

what does the submucosa of the oesophagus contain?

A

glands

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19
Q

describe the gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to the simple columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach

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20
Q

what does the stomach contain?

A

gastric pits and glands

21
Q

what are gastric pits in the stomach lined by?

A

simple columnar epithelium

22
Q

what are glands in the stomach?

A

invaginations of the mucous membrane

23
Q

what type of cells are in the isthmus of the stomach?

A

parietal cells
stem cells

24
Q

what cells are in the neck of the stomach?

A

mucous cells
parietal cells

25
Q

what cells are in the fundus of the stomach?

A

chief cells
few parietal cells
enteroendocrine (neuroendocrine) cells

26
Q

what is the function of a chief cell?

A

digestive enzyme secreting

27
Q

what is the function of a parietal cell?

A

hydrochloric acid producing

28
Q

describe the mucosa in the cardia of the stomach?

A

deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

29
Q

describe the mucosa in the body of the stomach?

A

shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

30
Q

describe the mucosa in the pylorus of the stomach

A

deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a high density than cardia

31
Q

describe the gastroduodenal junction

A

inner, circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened to form the pyloric sphincter

32
Q

what does the epithelium of the small intestine contain?

A

villi
crypts of Lieberkuhn

33
Q

how long is the duodenum?

A

25cm

34
Q

what are found in the duodenum submucosa?

A

Brunner’s glands

35
Q

what is the function of Brunner’s glands in duodenum?

A

when stimulated by chyme, produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise

36
Q

how long is the jejunum?

A

2m

37
Q

describe the jejunum tissue

A

tallest villi on permanent circular folds of mucosa and submucosa

38
Q

how long is the ileum?

A

2.75m

39
Q

describe the ileum tissue

A

shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles in submucosa and lamina propria

40
Q

what are Peyers patches?

A

aggregations of lymphoid follicles

41
Q

describe enterocytes of the small intestine?

A

simple columnar epithelium with brush border

42
Q

what are enterocytes?

A

intestinal absorptive cells

43
Q

what does the duodenum receive from the stomach?

A

acidic, partly digestive semifluid material (chyme)

44
Q

what type of nervous system does the digestive tract have?

A

enteric nervous system

45
Q

what does the digestive tract receive input from?

A

autonomic nervous system

46
Q

where are the plexuses?

A

submucosa
between muscle layers of muscularis externa

47
Q

where is the submucosal plexus?

A

in the submucosa

48
Q

where is the myenteric plexus?

A

between muscle layers of the muscularis externa

49
Q

what does the myenteric plexus control?

A

gut motility

Module 4 - anatomy (1 decks)

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