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Prosthetic Exam > Upper Extremity Prosthetics > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What movements are required to operate a standard trans-radial prosthesis?

A

Biscapular abduction and Gleno humeral flexion

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2
Q

What is the prehension pattern most frequently used by prosthetics hands?

A

Palmar

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3
Q

What is the proper Orientation when taking an impression for all levels of trans-radial amputations

A

Neutral Pro-supination, 90 degrees

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4
Q

Which muscle acts in the same way a control cable pulls on the thumb of the terminal device?

A

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

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5
Q

Which muscle is not a forearm flexor?

a. biceps
b. brachialis
c. supinator
d. Pronator Teres

A

C. Supinator

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6
Q

What muscles comprise the rotator cuff?

A

Teres Minor, Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

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7
Q

How many positions does a positive locking hinge have?

A

11

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8
Q

The correct location of the cross point on a standard Trans-radial figure of eight prosthetic harness is:

A

Inferior to C7 toward the sound side

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9
Q

Which muscle is primarily responsible for scapular abduction?

A

Serratus anterior

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10
Q

weakness of the Serratus Anterior causes what?

A

Winged scapula

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11
Q

A split housing cable is required when using?

A

Body Powered elbow hinges

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12
Q

What are the Elbow flexors

A

Brachialis, Biceps Brachi, Pronator Teres

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13
Q

What is the strongest elbow flexor?

A

Brachialis

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14
Q

What is the function of the Biceps Brachii

A

flexion of elbow and supination of forearm

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15
Q

The Median nerve innervates

A

Wrist flexors

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16
Q

What is the function of the Brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of elbow with forearm in mid-position (halfway between supination and pronation)

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17
Q

The main innervation for the elbow flexors

A

Musculocutaneous

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18
Q

What design feature is necessary to allow full pronation-supination in a trans-radial prosthesis?

A

Trimlines that exclude the epicondyles

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19
Q

The Muenster type self suspending prosthesis

A
  • Limits range of motion no more than 70%
  • Used for short to very short trans-radial amputations
  • Utilizes tight AP interface fit
  • Cannot be donned by pushing in
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20
Q

The Northwestern University self suspending prosthesis

A

Can be used by bilaterals because it is designed for push in donning.

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21
Q

What nerve is called the “funny bone” because of its surface position posterior to the medial condyle?

A

Ulnar nerve

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22
Q

The primary function of the anterior suspension strap in a standard figure 8 TR harness is?

A

To act as the main suspensor; The strap helps to suspend the prosthesis against axial loading; Prevent rotation of the prosthetic socket on the residual limb during prosthetic use.

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23
Q

The Uppers for a single axis transradial hinge are attached to what harness element

A

Biceps cuff

24
Q

What movements are necessary to operate the positive locking elbow on a body powered trans-humeral prosthesis?

A
  • Gleno-humeral extension
  • Gleno-humeral abduction
  • Slight shoulder depression
25
Q

what are appropriate devices for children

A

10P- children
12P- Infants
CAPP hand - “aligator”, “Helper”

26
Q

Voluntary Closing terminal devices

A

normally opens when the amputee is relaxed, are closed by pulling the control cable

27
Q

Voluntary Closing terminal devices functions

A
  • Close with cable pull and open by spring force
  • Have no rubber bands
  • Provides graded prehension
  • Can be locked, but releasing that lock requires enough force to break a fragile object.
28
Q

In the Bowden cable system, a stainless ferrule is located at?

A

both ends of the cable housing to finish the cut end of the housing.

29
Q

What is the goal of the Cross Back Strap?

A

To prevent the upward migration of both control attachment straps in the case of the bilateral harness; also helps to keep the path of the control attachment strap positioned lower on the back

30
Q

what is the location of the cross back strap?

A

The Cross back strap passes horizontally across the amputees back and terminates at the distal end of the control attachment strap; The path of strap should run between the spine and inferior angle of the scapula

31
Q

what does the cross back strap do?

A

helps to maintain the posterior intersection of the harness below spinous process of C7

32
Q

what is a indication for a cross back strap?

A

when there is axilla loop discomfort on the nonamputated side; this discomfort is caused by a vertical compression of the pectoral, teres major, and latissimus dorsi tendons by the axilla loop during strenous prosthetic usage.

33
Q

In a scapulothoracic amputee, what motion can be used to operate the prosthesis?

A

Chest expansion

34
Q

The infraspinatus performs what action?

A

Lateral or external rotation of the arm, extension of the humerus, and stabilizes the shoulder

35
Q

Shoulder disarcticulation tend to have more difficulty with force or excursion?

A

Excursion needed to operate the prosthesis .

36
Q

what are the benefits of a shoulder saddle harness?

A

Increased comfort in axial loading, reduce pressure on the axilla (however, does not improve excursion with biscapular abduction.)

37
Q

Definition of amelia

A

complete absence of a limb

38
Q

What epiphysis contributes most to the longitudinal growth of the UE

A

The distal harness

39
Q

What muscle performs elevation of the scapula?

A

Trapezius; it also causes adduction, lateral upward rotation of scapula and depression.

40
Q

What amputation level would flexible elbow hinges be most appropriate?

A

Long Transradial and lower (some pronation and supination)

41
Q

Where do flexible elbow hinges attached?

A

attached proximally to the triceps pad and distally to the prosthetic forearm and should allow prosthesis rotation of at least 50% that of the anatomic residual forearm rotation.

42
Q

what do flexible hinges do?

A

Flexible hinges permit active use of the residual forearm rotation, minimizing the requirement for manual propositioning of the terminal device by the amputee.

43
Q

What about of supination and pronation should be preserved with a wrist disartic prosthesis?

A

At least 50%

44
Q

Supination and pronation of the forearm occur at which joint?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint- the radius rotates around the ulna.

45
Q

In mid length TR amputee, which muscle is missing

A

Pronator quadratus

46
Q

What is not part of a below elbow figure of 8 harness ?

A

Lateral suspension strap

47
Q

If a below elbow prosthesis is harness with a split cable housing, which prosthetic joint has most likely been utilized?

A

outside locking, possibly step-up hinges

48
Q

Which wrist unit provides the greatest ROM for a bilateral below elbow amputee?

A

Wrist flexion unit/sierra wrist type

49
Q

What modification is made to the figure of 8 harness for bilateral below elbow patient?

A

A Cross back strap is added

50
Q

What muscle is the main supinator of the forearm?

A

Biceps Brachii (more powerful than the supinator muscle.

51
Q

When the elbow flexion attachment of an above elbow prosthesis is moved toward the TD, what mechanical effect will it have?

A

It will decrease the force required, but increase the excursion needed

52
Q

What externally powered elbow unit is not typically adaptable to the switch control in a harness?

A

Utah arm

53
Q

When are step up elbow hinges indicated?

A
  • Very Short to short BE
  • Weaker flexion power
  • 2:1 excursion ratio
  • (No special harnessing required)
54
Q

Polycentric elbow hinges are used at what level of amputation?

A

Short BE

55
Q

what is Electrodactyly?

A

Involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/ split foot malformation

56
Q

Lyre shaped finger hooks

A

These hooks have symmetrical fingers for cylindrical grasp on objects, such as bottles, cans and other round objects.

57
Q

Canted finger hooks

A

The hooks have canted finger tines for better visual feedback, The canted shape allows

Prosthetic Exam (3 decks)

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