Upper Extremity - Joints/Ligaments

Question 1

Which bones create the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Scapula and Clavicle

Question 2

Which joint is the only one creating a joint between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular Joint

Question 3

What is an anatomical joint?

Answer 3

Articulation between bones

Question 4

What is a physiological joint?

Answer 4

A space allowing for motion (but not a true joint)

Question 5

How many anatomical joints in the upper extremity?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

How many physiologic joints in the upper extremity?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Name the anatomical joints of the upper extremity

Answer 7

Sternclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral

Question 8

Name the physiological joints of the upper extremity

Answer 8

Coracoacromial Arch

Scapulothoracic

Question 9

Name the bursa and synovial sheath of the upper extremity

Answer 9

Subacromial bursa
Subscapular bursa
Synovial sheath of biceps brachii (long head) in bicipital groove

Question 10

What is the function of bursa?

Answer 10

Absorbing shock and friction

Question 11

Describe bursitis and how it forms

Answer 11

Stretch sensitive receptors send pain messages to the brain - excess fluid is in turn created and the bursa enlarges

Question 12

List the ligaments of the elbow

Answer 12

Ulnar collateral (tommy john surgery)
Annular Ligament (common subluxation in childhood)
Radial collateral

Question 13

Where could the radial nerve become entrapped?

Answer 13

Lateral intermuscular septum

Supinator (tunnel of frolley)

Question 14

Where could the ulnar nerve become entrapped?

Answer 14

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Cubital Tunnel

Question 15

Of the radial and ulnar nerves, which entrapment would be more severe in symptoms?

Answer 15

Radial - affect grip strength

Question 16

Where could the median nerve become entrapped?

Answer 16

Pronator Teres (between heads/beneath a head/running through a muscle belly)
Carpal Tunnel

Question 17

Describe the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 17

Two rows of carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

Question 18

How many nerves and tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 18

9 Tendons

1 Nerve

Question 19

Which nerves and tendons run through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 19

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (4)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (4)
Flexor Pollicis Longus (1)
Median Nerve

Question 20

Which carpals would most often be adjusted in the wrist?

Answer 20

Capitate
Lunate
Scaphoid

Question 21

What is the result of entrapment of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 21

Wimpy little finger

Question 22

Describe the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 22

Often has a disk - allows for greater motion

Question 23

Describe the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 23

Planar joint with articulation as varied as horizontal or almost vertical

Question 24

What stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 24

Coracoclavicular ligaments

• trapezoid
• conoid
• acromioclavicular

Question 25

Describe the glenohumeral joint

Answer 25

Ball and Socket
Labrum increases surface area of contact to stabilize the joint
Rotator cuff provides stabilization

Question 26

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 26

Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Minor

Question 27

What is the main action of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 27

Hold Humeral head within glenoid fossa

Question 28

What is the secondary action of the rotator cuff

Answer 28

Protection of the glenohumeral joint

Question 29

What other muscle stabilizes the scapula on the body?

Answer 29

Serratus Anterior