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BL MRCS Anatomy > Upper Extremity: Hand > Flashcards

Upper Extremity: Hand Flashcards

1
Q

How many Carpal Bones are there?

A

8 Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquestrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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2
Q

Which bones make up the carpal tunnel?

A

Ulnar Side: Pisiform and Hook of Hamate

Radial Side: Tubercle of Scaphoid, Crest of Trapezium

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3
Q

Which Ligament keeps the metacarpal head together?

A

Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament

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4
Q

What structure is continuous with the deep transverse metacarpal ligament?

A

Palmar Plate

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5
Q

Do you get more or less abduction/adduction of the fingers when the MCP joint is flexed and why?

A

When flexed, the massive collateral ligaments are tight. This prevents side to side movement.

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6
Q

Do the IP and the MCP joints both allow flexion/extension as well as ab/adduction?

A

No, the MCP joint allows both, but the Interphalangeal joints allow for flexion/extension only

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7
Q

How many sesamoid bones are there in the thumb MCP joint?

A

There are normally 2

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8
Q

Does the Thumb MCP joint act more like a digital MCP or IP joint and why?

A

The thumb MCP joint acts more like an IP joint in that it flexes/extends only

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9
Q

Which bones are involved in the thumb carbo-metacarpal joint?

A

The Trapezium and the 1st metacarpal

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10
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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11
Q

How many branches of the flexor retinaculum are there and what lies in them?

A

2 additional small tunnels.
Radial: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Ulnar: Ulnar Artery and Ulnar Nerve

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Ulnar Side: Ulna Styloid, Triquestrum, Hamate

Radial Side: Radius

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13
Q

do all the extensor tendons pass through the extensor retinaculum?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis made from, and where does it insert?

A

It is formed from the flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus. It spans into the lateral aspects of the palmar plate

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15
Q

What is the function of the palmar fascia?

A

protects nerves and vessels lying underneath

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  2. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  3. Pronator Quadratus
17
Q

What are the origins and insertion of FDP?

A

Anterior ulna and Interosseus membrane

Attaches to distal phalanges

18
Q

What are the origins and insertion of FPL?

A

Anterior radius and interosseous membrane

Attaches to base of distal phalanx of thumb

19
Q

Where does Pronator Quadratus lie?

A

Underneath FDP and FPL between anterior ulna and radius

20
Q

Which muscles are in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
21
Q

What are the attachments of FDS?

A

Origin: 2 heads - anterior radius, medial epicondyle of humerus (flexor origin)
Insertion: Middle phalanges of the 4 fingers

22
Q

What is the innervation of FDP?

A

ulnar for ulnar half and median for radial half

23
Q

What is the innervation of FDS?

A

Median Nerve

24
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?

A
  1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  2. Palmaris Longus
  3. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  4. Pronator Teres
25
Q

Where do all the muscles of the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm arise?

A

The flexor origin on the medial epicondyle (ulnar side)

26
Q

Where does FCU insert?

A

Pisiform

27
Q

Where does FCR insert?

A

Base of metacarpals II & III

28
Q

Where does Pronator Teres insert?

A

Midshaft radius to allow for pronation

29
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the hand?

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum Communis
  2. Extensor Digiti Indices
  3. Extensor Digiti Minimi
30
Q

What is the canal of Guyon?

A

The Ulnar Tunnel with the ulnar nerve and artery, part of the flexor retinaculum

BL MRCS Anatomy (3 decks)

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