Upper Extremity Blue Boxes

Question 1

Clavicle fractures in children are most often what type of fracture?

Answer 1

Greenstick

Question 2

Most common site of fracture on the humerus?

Answer 2

Surgical neck

The greater tubercle is also susceptible to avulsion by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor m. that insert there.

Question 3

What is compressed when you hit your funny bone? Where is it located?

Answer 3

Ulnar n., groove for the ulnar n.

Question 4

Avulsion of medial humeral epicondyle- what causes it?

Answer 4

Severe abduction of extended elbow

Question 5

Fractured elbow is fracture of what bone?

Answer 5

Olecranon
Usually caused by falling.
Usually avulsion fracture and difficult to repair

Question 6

What can you fracture by breaking a fall?

Answer 6

Distal end of the radius/ Colle’s fracture

Styloid process of ulna is usually evulsed too

Question 7

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? What causes it?

Answer 7

Scaphoid, breaking falls

ASIDE: usually hard to see and diagnosed as severe sprain
-Distal fragment of bone susceptible to necrosis (no blood supply)

Question 8

What is in the carpal tunnel? Where is it located?

Answer 8

Passage anterior to carpal bones and posterior to flexor retinaculum

Transmits the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis m. and flexor carpi radialis m. and Median n.

Question 9

Guyon tunnel

Answer 9

AKA Ulnar Tunnel- located between pisiform and hamulus of hamate
Ulnar nerve passes thru (susceptible to compression; numbness and weakness in wrist and hand)

Question 10

Boxer’s Fracture

Answer 10

Fracture of the 5th metacarpal

Question 11

Fractures of distal phalanges-what is special about them?

Answer 11

Can be bad because of the intricate relationship between phalanges and flexor tendons bone fragments-need to be realigned carefully to maintain function

Question 12

What can cause a glenoid labrum tear?

Answer 12

Pitching in baseball

Sudden contraction of biceps brachii

Question 13

What happens in shoulder separation?

Answer 13

Separation of the acromioclavicular joint w/ or without rupture of coracoclavicular l.

Question 14

Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint occurs in which directions?

Answer 14

Anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 15

Elbow dislocation usually involves a tear in what ligament?

Answer 15

Ulnar collateral l.

Question 16

“Student’s Elbow/Dart Thrower’s Elbow”-Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of subcutaneous olecranon bursa and bioccipital bursa

Question 17

Nursemaid’s elbow/ Pulled elbow

Answer 17

Radial head dislocated out of the annular ligament (Don’t pull your kiddos arm)

Question 18

Bull Rider’s Thumb

Answer 18

Sprain of the lateral collateral ligament of the proximal phalynx of the thumb

Question 19

Skiier’s Thumb

Answer 19

Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments (medial and lateral ligaments) in first metacarpophalangeal joint
Caused by hyperabduction

Question 20

Mallet Finger/Baseball Finger

Answer 20

Hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint: avulses long extensor tendon

Question 21

Ganglion Cyst (Synovial Cyst)

Answer 21

Caused by accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid

Question 22

Dupuytren Contracture

Answer 22

Disease from shortening, thickening, fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia

Pain flexing 4th and 5th digits

Question 23

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Answer 23

SITS
Supraspinatus m. 
Infraspinatus m.
Teres MINOR m.
Subscapularis m.

Question 24

Rotator cuff tear

Answer 24

Tearing of any of the rotator cuff muscles (most commonly supraspinatus m.)

Causes instability of glenohumeral joint

Question 25

Triangular Space Borders

Answer 25

Teres minor m.
Teres major m.
Long head of triceps brachii m.

Question 26

Triangular Space Contents

Answer 26

Circumflex scapular a. and v.

Question 27

Quadrangular space borders

Answer 27

Teres minor m.
Teres major m.
Long and lateral heads of triceps brachii m.

Question 28

Quadrangular space contents

Answer 28

Posterior humeral circumflex a and v.

Axillary n.

Question 29

Triangular interval borders

Answer 29

Teres major m.

Long and lateral heads of triceps brachii.

Question 30

Triangular interval contents

Answer 30

Deep brachial a. and v.

Radial n.

Question 31

Triangular interval contents

Answer 31

Deep brachial a. and v.

Radial n.

Question 32

Bicipital myotatic reflex problems could suggest injury to what?

Answer 32

Musculocutaneous n. or C5 and C6 anterior rami