Upper Extremity Anatomy Flashcards
Brachial Plexus - Supraclavicular parts
A. Ventral rami C5-T1
B. Trunks
1. upper: C5-C6
2. middle: C7 3. lower: C8-T1
Brachial Plexus - Deep to clavicle
A. Divisions—from each trunk
1. anterior—supplies flexors of upper extremity 2. posterior—supplies extensors of upper extremity
Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts
A. Cords—named in relation to axillary artery
1. lateral—upper and middle trunk anterior divisions
2. medial—lower trunk anterior division 3. posterior—all 3 trunks posterior divisions
B. Terminal branches
Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches
Lateral cord
- Musculocutaneous n. supplies flexor compartment of arm
2. Median n. contribution—flexor compartment of forearm, thenar mm, lumbricals 1 & 2
Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches
Medial cord
- Ulnar n. supplies flexor carpi ulnaris, FDP tendons 3&4, rest of intrinsic hand mm
- Median n. contribution—flexor compartment of forearm, thenar mm, lumbricals 1 & 2
Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches
Posterior cord
- Axillary n. supplies deltoid m. and teres minor m.
2. Radial n. supplies all extensors of arm and forearm
Superficial back muscles controlling the pectoral girdle
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboid major
- Rhomboid minor
Trapezius - superior, middle, & inferior fibers
ORIGIN: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line,
ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12
INSERTION: lat. 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
INERVATION: CN XI (spinal accessory n)
ACTION:
Latissimus dorsi
ORIGIN: spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest, ribs 9-12
INSERTION: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
INNERVATION: thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8)
ACTION:
Levator scapulae
ORIGIN: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
INSERTION: medial border of scapula
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)
ACTION:
Rhomboid major
ORIGIN: spinous processes of T2-T5
INSERTION: medial border of scapula (below spine of scapula)
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)
ACTION:
Rhomboid minor
ORIGIN: spinous processes of C7 & T1, and nuchal ligament
INSERTION: medial border of scapula (above spine of scapula)
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)
ACTION:
Anterior chest muscles controlling the pectoral girdle/upper extremity
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major - clavicular head
ORIGIN: anterior medial 1/2 of clavicle
INSERTION: intertubercular groove (lateral lip)
INNERVATION: medial and lateral pectoral nn (C5-T1)
ACTION:
Pectoralis major - sternocostal head
ORIGIN: sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, ext. abd. oblique apon
INSERTION: intertubercular groove (lateral lip)
INNERVATION: medial and lateral pectoral nn (C5-T1)
ACTION:
Pectoralis minor
ORIGIN: ribs 3-5
INSERTION: coracoid process
INNERVATION: medial pectoral n. (C8-T1)
ACTION:
Serratus anterior
ORIGIN: external lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
INSERTION: medial anterior border of scapula
INNERVATION: long thoracic n. (C 5, C6, C7)
ACTION:
Rotator cuff muscles
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa of scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus
INNERVATION: suprascapular n. (C5)
ACTION:
Infraspinatus
ORIGIN: infraspinous fossa of scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus
INNERVATION: suprascapular n. (C5-C6)
ACTION:
Teres minor
ORIGIN: middle part of lateral border of scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus
INNERVATION: axillary n. (C5-C6)
ACTION:
Subscapularis
ORIGIN: subscapular fossa
INSERTION: lesser tubercle of humerus
INNERVATION: upper and lower subscapular nn (C5, C6, C7)
ACTION:
Other muscles controlling the glenohumeral joint
- Deltoid
2. Teres major
Deltoid - anterior, middle & posterior pts
ORIGIN: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
INNERVATION: axillary n. (C5-C6)
ACTION:
Teres major
ORIGIN: inferior angle of scapula, dorsal surface
INSERTION: intertubercular groove (medial lip)
INNERVATION: lower subscapular n (C6)
ACTION:
Anterior Arm Compartment
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
ORIGIN: long head- supraglenoid tubercle
short head- tip of coracoid process
INSERTION: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C6)
ACTION:
Brachialis
ORIGIN: anterior, distal humerus
INSERTION: coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C7)
ACTION:
Coracobrachialis
ORIGIN: tip of coracoid process of scapula
INSERTION: middle 1/3 of medial surface humerus
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7)
ACTION:
**note: musculocutaneous n. pierces through coracobrachialis m.
Posterior Arm Compartment
Triceps brachii
Triceps brachii
ORIGIN:
a. long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
b. lateral head - posterior lateral aspect of humerus
c. medial head - posterior medial aspect of humerus
INSERTION: olecranon process
INNERVATION: radial n (C7-C8)
ACTION:
Superficial flexor compartment
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator teres
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
INSERTION: middle lateral surface of radius
INNERVATION: median n (C6-C7)
ACTION:
Flexor carpi radialis
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: base of 2nd metacarpal
INNERVATION: median n (C6-C7)
ACTION:
Palmaris longus
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: flexor retinaculum; palmar aponeurosis
INNERVATION: C7-C8
ACTION:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN:
a. humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus
b. ulnar head - olecranon; posterior ulna
INSERTION: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
INNERVATION: ulnar n. (C7-C8)
ACTION:
Flexor digitorum superficialis
ORIGIN:
a. humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle, MCL, coronoid process
b. radial head - anterior, superior radius
INSERTION: middle phalanges #2-5
INNERVATION: median n. (C7-T1)
ACTION:
Deep flexor compartment
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum profundus
ORIGIN: medial, anterior ulna; interosseous membrane
INSERTION: bases of distal phalanges #2-5
INNERVATION: 1. medial part by ulnar n. (C8-T1)
2. lateral part by median n. (C8-T1)
ACTION:
Flexor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: anterior radius; interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of thumb
INNERVATION: anterior interosseous n.(median n. C8-T1)
ACTION:
Pronator quadratus
ORIGIN: distal 1/4 anterior ulna
INSERTION: distal 1/4 anterior radius
INNERVATION: anterior interosseous n.(median n. C8-T1)
ACTION:
Superficial extensor compartment
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
INSERTION: lateral distal radius
INNERVATION: radial n. (C5, C6, C7)
ACTION:
Extensor carpi radialis longus
ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
INSERTION: base of 2nd metacarpal
INNERVATION: radial n. (C6-C7)
ACTION:
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: base of 3rd metacarpal
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial n. (C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor digitorum
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: extensor expansion of 5th digit
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior ulna
INSERTION: base of 5th metacarpal
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Deep extensor compartment
- Abductor pollicis longus*
- Extensor pollicis brevis*
- Extensor pollicis longus*
- Extensor indicis
- Supinator
**Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus are the muscular boundaries of the anatomical snuff box.
Abductor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of 1st metacarpal
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: posterior radius, interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of thumb
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Extensor indicis
ORIGIN: posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8)
ACTION:
Supinator
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, radial collateral ligament, crest of ulna
INSERTION: radius ->lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial n. C6-C8
ACTION:
Thenar muscles
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
INSERTION: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1)
ACTION:
Flexor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
INSERTION: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1)
ACTION:
Opponens pollicis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
INSERTION: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1)
ACTION:
Adductor compartment
Adductor pollicis
ORIGIN:
a. oblique head - bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals, and capitate
b. transverse head - anterior surface of body of 1st metacarpal
INSERTION: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Hypothenar muscles
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: pisiform
INSERTION: medial side, base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ORIGIN: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
INSERTION: medial side, base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Opponens digiti minimi
ORIGIN: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
INSERTION: medial border 5th metacarpal
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Short muscles of hand
- Lumbricals
- Dorsal interosseous
- Palmar interosseous
Lumbricals
ORIGIN:
a. 1 & 2 - lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundis
b. 3 & 4 - medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundis
INSERTION: lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
INNERVATION:
a. median n (C8, T1)
b. deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Dorsal interosseous
ORIGIN: adjacent sides of metacarpals
INSERTION: extensor expansions &proximal phalanges 2-4
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
Palmar interosseous
ORIGIN: palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, 5
INSERTION: extensor expansions of digits, & proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5
INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
ACTION:
