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Anatomy Of The Upper Extremity > Upper extremity > Flashcards

Upper extremity Flashcards

0
Q

Insertion of the pectoralis major

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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1
Q

Origin of the pectoralis major

A

(clavicular head) anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
(Sternocostal head) anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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2
Q

Innervation of the pectoralis major

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Clavicular hear- C5 and C6
Sternocostal head C7, C8, T1

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3
Q

Actions of the pectoralis major

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humorus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position.

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4
Q

Origin of the pectoralis minor

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

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5
Q

Insertion of the pectoralis minor

A

Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

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6
Q

Actions of the pectoralis minor

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall

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8
Q

Origin of the subclavius

A

Junction if the 1st rib and its coastal cartilage

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9
Q

Insertion of the subclavius

A

Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle

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10
Q

Innervation of the subclavius

A

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

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11
Q

Actions of the subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses the clavicle

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12
Q

Origin of the serratus anterior

A

External surface of the lateral parts of the 1st-8th ribs

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13
Q

Insertion of the serratus anterior

A

Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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14
Q

Innervation of the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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15
Q

Actions of the serratus anterior

A

Protracts the scapula
Fixes it to the thoracic wall
Rotates the scapula

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16
Q

Innervation of the pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

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28
Q

Origin of the trapezius

A

Medial third of the superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T12

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29
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A

Lateral third of the clavicle
The acromion
The spine of the scapula

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30
Q

Innervation of the trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor)

C3 + C4 (pain and proprioception)

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31
Q

Actions of the trapezius

A

Descending (superior) part elevates
Ascending (inferior) part depresses
Middle part retracts
Descending and ascending work together to rotate glenoid cavity

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32
Q

Origin of the latissimus dorsi

A

Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Inferior 3 or 4 ribs

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33
Q

Insertion of the latissimus dorsi

A

Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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34
Q

Innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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35
Q

Actions of the latissimus dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Raises body towards arms during climbing

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36
Q

Origin of the deltoid

A

Lateral third of the clavicle
The acromion
The spine of the scapula

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37
Q

Insertion of the deltoid

A

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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38
Q

Innervation of the deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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39
Q

Actions of the deltoid

A

Clavicular (anterior) part flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part extends and laterally rotates arm

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40
Q

Origin of the levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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41
Q

Insertion of the levator scapulae

A

Medial border of the scapula superior to the root of the spine

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42
Q

Innervation of the levator scapulae

A 
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Cervical nerves (C3-C4)
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43
Q

Actions of the levator scapulae

A

Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula

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44
Q

Origin of the infraspinatus

A

Infraspinatus fossa

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45
Q

Insertion of the infraspinatus

A

Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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46
Q

Innervation of the infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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47
Q

Actions of the infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates arm

Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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48
Q

Origin of the teres minor

A

Middle part of the lateral border of scapula

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49
Q

Insertion of the teres minor

A

Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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50
Q

Innervation of the teres minor

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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51
Q

Actions of the teres minor

A

Laterally rotates arm

Helps hold humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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52
Q

Origin of the teres major

A

Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

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53
Q

Insertion of the teres major

A

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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54
Q

Innervation of the teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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55
Q

Actions of the teres major

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

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56
Q

Origin of the subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)

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57
Q

Insertion of the subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

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58
Q

Innervation of the subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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59
Q

Actions of the subscapularis

A

Medially rotates and adducts arm

Helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

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68
Q

Origin of the coracobrachialis

A

Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula

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69
Q

Insertion of the coracobrachialis

A

Middle third of the medial surface of the humerus

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70
Q

Innervation of the coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

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71
Q

Actions of the coracobrachialis

A

Helps flex and adduct arm

Resists dislocation of shoulder

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72
Q

Origin of triceps brachii

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove

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73
Q

Insertion of the triceps brachii

A

Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and fascia of the forearm

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74
Q

Innervation of the triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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75
Q

Actions of the triceps brachii

A

Chief extensor of the forearm

Long head extends arm and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)

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76
Q

Origin of the anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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77
Q

Insertion of the anconeus

A

Lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna

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78
Q

Innervation of the anconeus

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

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79
Q

Action of the anconeus

A

Assists triceps in extending the forearm
Stabilizes elbow joint
Abducts ulna during pronation

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80
Q

Origin of the pronator teres

A

Ulnar head: Coronoid process of the ulna

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of the humerus

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81
Q

Insertion of the pronator teres

A

Middle convexity of lateral surface of radius

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82
Q

Innervation of the pronator teres

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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83
Q

Actions of the pronator teres

A

Pronates and flexes the forearm (at elbow)

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84
Q

Origin of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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85
Q

Insertion of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Base of the 2nd (3rd) metacarpal

86
Q

Innervation of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

87
Q

Actions of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Flexes and abducts the hand (at wrist)

88
Q

Origin of the palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

89
Q

Insertion of the palmaris longus

A

distal half of the flexor retinaculum

Palmar aponeurosis

90
Q

Innervation of the palmaris longus

A

Median nerve (C7, C8)

91
Q

Actions of the palmaris longus

A

Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

92
Q

Origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU):
Humeral head
Ulnar head

A

Olecranon and posterior border (via aponeurosis)

93
Q

Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU):
Humeral head
Ulnar head

A

Pisiform
Hook of hamate
5th metacarpal

94
Q

Innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU):
Humeral head
Ulnar head

A

Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

95
Q

Actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU):
Humeral head
Ulnar head

A

Flexes and adducts the hand (at wrist)

96
Q

Origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coracoid process of the ulna
Radial head: oblique line of the radius

97
Q

insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Shafts (bodies) of the middle phalanges of the medial four digits

98
Q

Innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

99
Q

Actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the middle four digits
Acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

100
Q

Origin of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

Anterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

101
Q

Insertion of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

102
Q

Innervation of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, from the median nerve (C8, T1)

103
Q

Actions of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

Flexes phalanges of the 1st digit (thumb)

104
Q

Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A

Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane

105
Q

Insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A

Bases of the distal phalanges of the 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th digits

106
Q

Innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A 
Lateral part (to digits 2 and 3): median nerve (C8, T1) (anterior interosseous branch)
Medial part (to digits 4 and 5): ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
107
Q

Actions of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A

Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2, 3, 4, and 5
Assists with wrist flexion

108
Q

Origin of the pronator quadratus

A

Distal quarter of anterior surface of the ulna

109
Q

Insertion of the pronator quadratus

A

Distal quarter of anterior surface of the radius

110
Q

Innervation of the pronator quadratus

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)

111
Q

Actions of the pronator quadratus

A

Pronates the forearm

Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

112
Q

Origin of the brachioradialis

A

Proximal two-thirds of the lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus

113
Q

Insertion of the brachioradialis

A

Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius proximal to the styloid process

114
Q

Innervation of the brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

115
Q

Actions of the brachioradialis

A

Relatively weak flexion of the forearm

Maximal when forearm is in midpronated position

116
Q

Origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus

117
Q

Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal

118
Q

Innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

119
Q

Actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extend and abduct the hand at the wrist joint

120
Q

Origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)

121
Q

Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 3rd metacarpal

122
Q

Innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

123
Q

Actions of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extend and abduct the hand at the wrist joint

Active during fist clenching

124
Q

Origin of the extensor digitorum

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

125
Q

Insertion of the extensor digitorum

A

Extensor expansions of the medial 4 fingers

126
Q

Innervation of the extensor digitorum

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

127
Q

Actions of the extensor digitorum

A

Extends the medial four fingers primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at the interphalangeal joint

128
Q

Origin of the extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

129
Q

Insertion of the extensor digiti minimi

A

Extensor expansion of the 5th finger

130
Q

Innervation of the extensor digiti minimi

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation if the deep branch of the radial nerve

131
Q

Actions of the extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends the 5th finger primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Secondarily at the interphalangeal joint

132
Q

Origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Posterior order of the ulna via a shared aponeurosis

133
Q

Insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal

134
Q

Innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

135
Q

Actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)

136
Q

Origin of the supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Radial collateral and anular ligaments
Supinator fossa
Crest of the ulna

137
Q

Insertion of the supinator

A

Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius

138
Q

Innervation of the supinator

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

139
Q

Actions of the supinator

A

Supinated the forearm

Rotates the radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

140
Q

Origin of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of the proximal halves of the ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane

141
Q

Insertion of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Base of the 1st metacarpal

142
Q

Innervation of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

143
Q

Actions of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts the thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint

144
Q

Origin of the extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of the middle third of the ulna and interosseous membrane

145
Q

Insertion of the extensor pollicis longus

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

146
Q

Innervation of the extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

147
Q

Actions of the extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends the distal phalanx of the thumb at the interphalangeal joint
Extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

148
Q

Origin of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior surface of the distal third of the radius and interosseous membrane

149
Q

Insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

150
Q

Innervation if the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

151
Q

Actions of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
Extends carpometacarpal joint

152
Q

Origin of the extensor indicis

A

Posterior surface of the distal third of the ulna and interosseous membrane

153
Q

Insertion of the extensor indicis

A

Extensor expansion of the 2nd finger

154
Q

Innervation of the extensor indicis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

155
Q

Actions of the extensor indicis

A

Extends the 2nd finger (enabling its independent extension)

Helps extend the hand at the wrist

156
Q

Borders of the triangular space

A

Teres major
Teres minor
Long head of triceps

157
Q

Contents of the triangular space

A

Circumflex scapular artery

158
Q

Boarders of the quadrangular space

A

Teres major- superior
Teres minor- inferior
Long head of triceps- lateral
Humerus

159
Q

Contents of the quadrangular space

A

Axillary artery

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

160
Q

Borders of the triceps hiatus

A

Teres major- inferior
Long head of triceps- lateral
Humerus

161
Q

Contents often triceps hiatus

A

Deep brachial artery

Radial nerve

162
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A

My Median nerve
Bottoms Brachial artery
Turned Tendon of biceps
Red Radial nerve

163
Q

Boundaries of the cubital fossa

A 
Superiorly- imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles
Medially- pronator teres
Laterally- brachioradialis
Roof- bicipital aponeurosis
Floor- brachialis
164
Q

Origin of the rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament

Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

165
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid minor

A

Triangular area and the medial end of the scapular spine

166
Q

Innervation of the rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

167
Q

Actions of the rhomboid minor

A

Retracts scapula
Rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Fixes it to the thoracic wall

168
Q

Origin of the rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

169
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid major

A

Medial border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the inferior angle

170
Q

Innervation of he rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

171
Q

Actions of the rhomboid major

A

Retracts scapula
Rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Fixes it to the thoracic wall

176
Q

Origin of the brachialis

A

Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus

177
Q

Insertion of the brachialis

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

178
Q

Innervation of the brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

179
Q

Actions of the brachialis

A

Flexes forearm in all positions

192
Q

Origin of the supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

193
Q

Insertion of supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

194
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Supra scapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

195
Q

Actions of the supraspinatus

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

216
Q

Origin of the biceps brachii

A

Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

217
Q

Insertion of the biceps brachii

A

Tuberosity of the radius and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

218
Q

Innervation of the biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

219
Q

Actions of the biceps brachii

A

Supinates forearm and when it is supinated, flexes forearm
Flexes arm
Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Anatomy Of The Upper Extremity (2 decks)

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