Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK final > upper extremity > Flashcards

upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

what does a fracture of the clavicle look like?

A

proximal portion is displaced superiorly by pull of the SCM, distal portion is pulled inferiorly from weight of upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mechanism of clavicle fracture

A

fall or direct blow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

treatment of clavicle fracture

A

nonsurgical sling for minimal displaced, surgical fixation for displaced fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 types of common shoulder injuries

A
  • acromioclavicular joint - shoulder separation

- glenohumeral joint - shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

shoulder separation

A

acromioclavicular injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanism of AC injury

A

direct fall onto shoulder (football, cycling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms of AC injury

A

pain, swelling around shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stages of AC injury

A
  1. partial tear of AC
  2. complete tear of AC and partial tear of CC ligament
  3. complete tear of AC and CC

AC ligaments tear first than CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AC injury looks like

A

prominent distal clavicle - may buttonhole through trapezius, pain with motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

golf ball on a tee

A

glenohumeral joint injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

shoulder dislocations - direction

A

anterior more common than posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation mechanism

A

abduction, external rotation/lateral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most common shoulder dislocation

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

posterior shoulder dislocations

A

rare - can happen from trauma, electrocution, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most common nerve deficit from shoulder dislocation

A

axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do you need to confirm a posterior dislocation?

A

axillary x ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

muscles that cross two joints are

A

more commonly injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

strongest flexor of the elbow

A

brachialis

injury is essentially unheard of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_______ of the biceps can be injured or inflamed

A

long head ( in the bicipital groove )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

main action of bicep

A

supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Popeye finding

A

biceps injury, tenderness and ecchymosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of rotator cuff

A

stabilize the proximal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common rotator cuff injury

A

supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in patients greater than 60, don’t be too quick to order further studies

A

many asymptomatic patients have attritional tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
adhesive capsulitis
frozen shoulder
26
causes of adhesive capsulitis
diabetes, breast/lung surgery, thyroid disorders, extended use of sling
27
physical findings of adhesive capsulitis
loss of motion - external rotation
28
radiograph findings of adhesive capsulitis
usually normal, as opposed to abnormal in osteoarthritis
29
treatment of adhesive capsulitis
NSAIDs, steroid injections, physical therapy, manipulation under anesthesia, operative capsular release
30
subacromial bursitis/impingement
common cause of shoulder pain, can be associated with RC pathology will have positive impingement maneuvers
31
calcific tendinitis as a cause of bursitis/impingement
most common in supraspinatus, | -diabetes, idiopathic, hypothyroid, 30-60 y-o most common ages
32
causes of winged scapula
protraction weakness iatrogenic, positioning from surgery, trauma, repetitive activities, post-viral long thoracic nerve damage
33
muscle of winged scapula
serrates anterior
34
example of single nerve deficit leading to straightforward physical finding
long thoracic nerve
35
impingement
normal motion, pain is only with abduction of shoulder at extreme motions
36
innervation of radial nerve
BEST - brachioradialis - extensors - wrist/fingers - supinator - triceps
37
humeral shaft affects
radial nerve
38
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve - up to 10% of population has
39
causes of carpal tunnel
repetitive motions/activities, ergonomic, diabetes, pregnancy, RA/synovitis, hypothyroidism
40
how osteoarthritis causes carpal tunnel
narrowing of the carpal canal affects the median nerve
41
rheumatoid tenosynovitis or tumor
increases the size of contents in carpal canal and compresses median nerve
42
signs of carpal tunnel
weakness, numbness, tingling, symptoms often worse at work (occupational) or in the night/morning
43
symptoms of carpal tunnel
+ provocative tests diminished sensation radial fingers thenar atrophy (late)
44
why are carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms worse at night?
the wrist is naturally flexed at night
45
cubital tunnel syndrome
compressive ulnar neuropathy at elbow (nerve wraps around medial epicondyle)
46
symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome
numbness, tingling in ring/small fingers, weakness and atrophy
47
causes of cubital tunnel syndrome
pressure on area, occupational, anatomic predisposition
48
how to treat cubital tunnel syndrome
nighttime splinting to keep elbow relatively extended
49
wrist drop
midhumerus fracture can cause "Saturday night palsy" from axillary compression
50
distal humerus fracture
supracondylar fracture muscle necrosis of the forearm flexors (volkman contracture); trauma to brachial artery or iatrogenic
51
common pediatric fracture
supracondylar fracture
52
volkmann ischemic contracture
early or relatively early - - pain - paresthesias - pallor - pulselessness (the Ps of compartment syndrome) late: - flexion contractors of elbow, wrist, fingers
53
colles fracture
distal radius fracture, silver fork finding
54
carpal bones prone to injury
scaphoid lunate
55
FOOSH in children
will break distal radius or distal humerus
56
FOOSH in elderly
will break distal radius
57
FOOSH in young adults and adults
scaphoid fracture
58
tenderness in anatomic snuff box
scaphoid fracture
59
treatment for scaphoid fracture
consider splinting and reimagine in 7-10 days for fracture
60
commonly injured carpal bone
scaphoid fracture
61
why do we care about scaphoid fracture | ?
1. commonly injured 2. tenuous blood supply 3. fracture can lead to osteonecrosis, non union 4. potential source of morbidity and liability
62
lateral epicondylitis
tennis elbow
63
medial epicondylitis
golfers elbow
64
which epicondylitis is more common?
lateral
65
trigger finger
stenosing tenosynovitis of flexor sheath
66
tenosynovitis of first dorsal compartment
de Quervian's tenosynovitis - abductor pollicis longs and extensor polices brevis iinflammation
67
osteoarthritis tends to affect which aspect of fingers?
distal (DIP) - remember flexor profundus controls DIP movement

MSK final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions