Upper Extremity Flashcards
Pectoralis Major
Origin: clavicle (clavicular portion)
sternum and upper ribs (sternal-costal portion)
tendon of the external oblique muscle (abdominal portion)
Insertion: greater tubercle inter-tubercular groove of the humerus
Action: (Entire Muscle) adduction and medial rotation of humerus, forced inspiration by elevating the rib cage when the humerus is flexed
Clavicular portion: flexes humerus @shoulder joint
Sternocostal portion: extends humerus @shoulder joint
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerve
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: involved with protraction/abduction of the scapula. Elevates ribcage and thus involved with forced inspiration
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Subclavius
Origin: first rib
Insertion: subclavian groove/clavicle
Action: moves clavicle medially. Acts as protective cushion between clavicle and subclavian vessels.
Innervation: nerve to subclavius
Trapezius
Origin: superior nuchal line/occiput, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spine of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
Action: stabilizes the scapula
Upper Portion: elevates scapula
Middle and lower portions: adducts scapula and depresses scapula
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve
sensory C3,C4
Rhomboid Major
Origin: spines/ upper thoracics
Insertion: Vertebral border/scapula
Action: elevate and adducts scapula, helps stabilize scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid Minor
Origin: spines/C7 and T1
Insertion: vertebral border/scapula
Action: elevate and adducts scapula, helps stabilize scapula
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Levator Scapula
Origin: transverse processes/upper cervical vertebrae
Insertion: upper medial border and superior angle/scapula
Action: elevate scapula, adducts scapula, stabilize scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: spines/lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, thoracodorsal fascia, crest of the ilium, and lower ribs
Insertion: intertubercular groove/lesser tubercle
Action: extends, adduct and medially rotate the humerus, involved in forced expiration
Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Serratus Anterior
Origin: upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: vertebral border/scapula
Action: abduction/protraction of scapula, stabilizes the scapula, involved with forced inspiration(only when humerus is abducted)
Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve
Deltoid
Origin: anterior/clavicular portion from clavicle, middle/acromial portion from the acromion process of scapula, posterior/spinous portion
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity/humerus
Action: Anterior Portion: flexes and medially rotates arm
Middle portion: abducts arm Posterior Portion: extends and laterally rotates arm
Innervation: axillary nerve
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa/scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: initiates abduction of arm, helps laterally rotate humerus, helps stabilize shoulder joint
Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa/scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity humerus
Action: Laterally rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa/scapula
Insertion: lesser tuberosity/humerus
Action: Medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerve
Teres Major
Origin: inferior angle/scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove (lesser tubercle)/humerus
Action: adducts humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint, medially rotates humerus
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Teres Minor
Origin: axillary border/scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity/humerus
Action: laterally rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
Innervation: axillary nerve
Biceps Brachii
Origin: Short head: coracoid process/scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle/scapula
Insertion: tuberosity/radius and shaft/ulna
Action: flexion of forearm, supinates the radius (PM)
Innervation: musculocutaneous Nerve
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process/scapula
Insertion: shaft/humerus
Action: flexion and weak adduction of arm (SJ), stabilizes shoulder joint
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Origin: shaft/humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process/ ulna
Action: flexes forearm (equal PM)
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle/scapula; Lateral head: shaft/humerus; medial head: shaft/humerus
Insertion: olecranon process/ulna
Action: extension of forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus, coronoid process/ulna
Insertion: pronator ridge/radius
Action: pronates forearm at superior radioulnar joint, assists flexion at elbow joint
Innervation: Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
origin: medial epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal w/small slip to 3rd metacarpal
Action: equal PM for flexion of hand @ wrist joint, assists in abduction of hand
Innervation: median nerve
Palmaris Longus
Origin: medial epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: helps flex hand, tightens palmar aponeurosis of palm/helps with palmar grip
Innervation: Median nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
origin: medial epicondyle/humerus, olecranon process ulna
Insertion: pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal
Action: equal PM for flexion of hand @ wrist joint, adducts hand
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
origin: shaft/radius, medial epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: middle phalanges/digits 2-5
Action: flexes the PI joints of digits 2-5, helps flex hand
Innervation: median nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: interosseous membrane shaft/ulna
Insertion: distal phalanges/digits 2-5
Action: flexes DIP joints of digits 2-5, helps flex hand
Innervation: ulnar nerve and median nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus
origin:interosseus membrane shaft/radius
Insertion: distal phalanx/digit 1
Action: flexes the thumb (digit 1) @IP joint
Innervation: median nerve
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: distal anterior shaft/ulna
Insertion: distal anterior shaft/radius
Action: pronation of forearm @inferior radial-ulnar joint, helps stabilize the inferior-radial-ulnar joint
Innervation: median nerve
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus
Insertion: styloid process/ radius
Action: helps flex forearm, pronates and supinates the forearm
Innercation: radial nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: lateral epicondyle/ humerus
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
Action: extend the hand, abduct the hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
origin: lateral epicondyle/humerus
insertion: 3rd metacarpal
Action: extend the hand, abduct the hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Digitorum Maximus
origin: lateral epicondyle/humerus
insertion: middle phalanx/digit 5
Action: extends digits 2-5, extend the hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Digiti Minimi
origin: lateral epicondyle/humerus
insertion: proximal phalanx/ digit 5
Action: extend digit 5
innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
origin: shaft/ulna, lateral epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Action: extend hand, helps adduct hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle/humerus, supinator crest/ulna
Insertion: shaft/radius
Action: supinates forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus
origin: interosseous membrane shaft/ulna and radius
insertion: 1st metacarpal
Action: abducts digit 1 @CMjoint, extends digit 1
Innervation: Radial nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
origin: interosseous membrane shaft/radius
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 1
Action: extends digit 1 @MP joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus
origin: interosseous membrane shaft/ ulna
Insertion: distal phalanx/digit 1
Action: extends digit 1 @IP joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Extensor Indicis
Origin: interosseous membrane shaft/ulna
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 2
Action: extends digit 2
Innervation: radial nerve
Anconeus
origin: lateral epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: olecranon process and posterior proximal shaft/ulna
Action: extends forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: trapezium and scaphoid
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 1
Action: abducts digit 1 @MP joint
Innervation: median nerve
Opponens Pollicis
Origin: trapezium
Insertion: 1st metacarpal
Action: medially rotates 1st metacarpal
innervation: median nerve
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
origin: trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate bones
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 1
Action: flexes digit 1 @MP joint
Innervation: ulnar and median nerve
Adductor pollicis
origin: trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (oblique head), 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
Insertion: proximal phalanz/digit 1
Action: adducts digit 1
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Abductor Digiti Quinti/Minimi
origin:pisiform
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 5
Action: abducts digit 5
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti Quinti/ minimi
origin: hamate
Insertion: proximal phalanx/digit 5
Action: flexes digit 5 @ MP joint
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Opponens Digiti Quinti/minimi
origin: hamate
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Action: laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Lumbricales
Origin: tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Insertion: tends of the extensor digitorum muscle
Action: flexes MP joints, extends IP joints
Innervation: 1st and 2nd median nerve
3rd and 4th ulnar nerve
dorsal
Origin: 2nd,3rd, 4th metacarpals
Insertion: proximal phalanx of digits 2,3,4
Action: abducts digits 2-4, flex MP joints, extends IP joints
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Palmar
Origin: 2,3,4, and 5 metacarpals
Insertion: proximal phalanx of digits 2,3,4
Action: adduct digits 2,4,5; flex MP joints, extends MP joints
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve
