Upper extremity Flashcards
Biceps Brachii m
Origin: Short head - coracoid process
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous n
Arterial: Brachial A.
Action: Flex forearm and supination
Brachialis m
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity/ coranoid process
Innervation: Musculocutaneous n
Arterial: Brachial A.
Action: Flex forearm
Coracobrachialis m
Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: Humerus
Innervation: Musculocutaneous n
Arterial: Brachial A.
Action: Flex forearm
Arm flexor muscles
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii .
Origin: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - posterior humerus
Medial head - posterior humerus
Insertion: Olecranon
Innervation: Radial n.
Arterial: Deep Brachial a.
Action: Extend forearm
Anconeus m.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Olecranon and posterior proximal ulna
Innervation: Radial n.
Arterial: Deep brachial a.
Action: Extend forearm
Arm extensor muscles
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Brachoradialis m.
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: Distal radius
Innervation: Radial n.
Arterial: Radial recurrent a.
Action: Flex forearm
Supinator m.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle and ulnar crest
Insertion: Proximal radius
Innervation: Deep branch of radial n.
Arterial: Radial recurrent a. and posterior interosseous a.
Action: Supination
Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
Origin: Larteral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Radial n.
Arterial: Radial recurrent and Radial a.
Action: Extend and ABduct wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis m
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Radial n.
Arterial: Radial recurrent and radial artery
Action: Extend and ABduct wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris m
Origin: Lateral epicondyle and posterior ulna
Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal and pisiform
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n.
Arterial: Posterior interosseous a.
Action: Extend and ADduct wrist
Extensor Digitorum m
Origin: Lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
Insertion: extension expansions of 4 fingers
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: Posterior interosseous a
Action: Extend fingers at wrist
Extensor digiti minimi m
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Extensor expansion of little finger
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: Posterior interosseus a
Action: Extend little finger
Extensor indicis m
Origin: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor expansion of index finger
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: Posterior interosseous a
Action: Extend index finger
Abductor pollicis longus m
Origin: Posterior ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Posterior base of thumb, metacarpal
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: posterior interosseous artery
Action: ABducts thumb
Extensor Pollicis brevis m
Origin: Posterior radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of thumb proximal phalanx
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: Posterior interosseous a
Action: Extend thumb
Extensor pollicis longus m
Origin: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx
Innervation: Posterior interosseous n
Arterial: Posterior interosseous a
Action: Extend thumb
Flexor carpi radialis m
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: Proximal 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Median n
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flex wrist and ABduction
Flexor carpi ulnaris m
Origin: Medial epicondyle, olecranon and posterior ulna
Insertion: Proximal 5th metacarpal, pisiform, hook of hamate
Innervation: Ulnar n
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flex wrist and ADduction
Palmaris longus m
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis and distal flexor retinaculum
Innervation: Median n
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flex wrist and tightening of palmar aponeurosis
Pronator Teres m
Origin: Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Middle radius
Innervation: Median n
Arterial: Ulnar a and radial a
Action: Forearm pronation
Flexor digitorum superficialis m
Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna and radius
Insertion: base of middle phalanges of 4 fingers
Innervation: Median n
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flexion of wrist, metacarpal and phalanges
Flexor digitorum profundus m
Origin: Ulnar and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges of 4 fingers
Innervation: Lateral - Anterior interosseous n (C8, T1)
Medial - Ulnar n (C7, 8, T1)
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flexion of wrist and distal phalanges
Flexor pollicis longus m
Origin: Radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of thumb on distal phalanx
Innervation: Anterior interosseous n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Anterior interosseous a
Action: Flex thumb
Pronator quadratus m
Origin: Distal anterior ulna
Insertion: Distal anterior radius
Innervation: Anterior interosseous n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Anterior interosseous a
Action: Pronate forearm
Common origin for many Flexors
Medial epicondyle
Exceptions: Flexor digitorum profundus m, Flexor pollicis longus m, and Pronator quadratus m
Common origin for many Extensors
Lateral epicondyle
Exceptions: Brachioradialis m, Extensor carpis radialis longus m, Extensor indices m, Abductor pollicis longus m, Extensor pollicis longus and brevis m
ABductor pollicis brevis m
Origin: Trapezium and transverse carpal ligament
Insertion: Thumb proximal phalanx
Innervation: Recurrent branch of median n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Palmar branch of radial a
Action: Thumb ABduction
Opponens pollicis m
Origin: Trapezium, and transverse carpal ligament
Insertion: Thumb at metacarpal
Innervation: Reccurent branch of median n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Palmar branch of radial a
Action: Thumb opposition
Flexor pollicis brevis m
Origin: Superficial head - Trapezium and Flexor retinaculum
Deep head - Trapezoid and capitate
Insertion: Base to thumb, proximal phalanx
Innervation: Superficial head - recurrent branch of median n. (C8, T1)
Deep head - Ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Palmar branch of radial a
Action: Flex thumb
ABductor digiti minimi m
Origin: Pisiform
Insertion: Base of little finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: ABduct pinky
Palmaris brevis m
Origin: Palmar aponeurosis
Insertion: Medial palmar skin
Innervation: Ulnar n
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Protect ulnar a and n
Thenar muscles
ABductor pollicis brevis m
Flexor pollicis brevis m
Opponens pollicis m
Opponens digiti minimi m
Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Metacarpal of little finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Rotation of little finger
Flexor digiti minimi m
Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Base of little finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Ulnar a
Action: Flex pinky
Dorsal Interosseous m
Origin: Two heads from adjacent metacarpals
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx and extension expansions for index, middle, and ring finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Metacarpal a
Action: ABduct fingers
Palmar Interosseous m
Origin: 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx and extension expansion for index, ring and little finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Metacarpal a
Action: ADduct fingers
ADductor pollicis m
Origin: Oblique head - capitate and base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Transverse head - proximal two thirds of 3rd metacarpal
Insertion: thumb proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1)
Arterial: Deep palmar arch
Action: ADduct thumb
Lumbricals m
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: Lateral aspects of fingers extensor expansions
Innervation: Lateral 2 - median n
Median 2 - ulnar n
Arterial: Superficial palmar arch
Action: Finger flexion at MP and extension IP
