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HAE Quiz 3 > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

3 joints of the elbow

A
  1. humeroulnar (trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna) 2. humeroradial (capitulum of humerus and head of radius) 3. proximal radioulnar (between proximal portions of radius and ulna - held together by anular ligament)
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2
Q

3 ligaments of the elbow joint

A
  1. radial collateral ligament 2. ulnar collateral ligament 3. anular ligament (pronation/supination)
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3
Q

3 muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm

A
  1. biceps brachii (short head and long head) 2. brachialis 3. coracobrachialis
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4
Q

What 2 joints do the biceps brachii act on?

A
  1. glenohumeral joint 2. elbow joint (more stongly)
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5
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous

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6
Q

What is the muscle in the extensor compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, medial head)

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the arm?

A

Radial Nerve

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8
Q

Of the triceps brachii heads, which one is the deepest compared to the others?

A

Medial head

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9
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve become at the elbow?

A

Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (innervates skin of anterolateral forearm)

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm?

A

Radial Nerve

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11
Q

anular ligament

A

holds together the proximal radioulnar joint

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12
Q

What cord does the radial nerve come from?

A

posterior cord

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13
Q

The radial nerve passes on which side of the elbow?

A

lateral side, deep to the long forearm extensor muscle

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14
Q

What nerve travels with the brachial artery into the forearm?

A

Median Nerve

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15
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve pass the elbow?

A

posterior to the medial epicondyle

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16
Q

What artery travels with the radial nerve in the arm?

A

profunda brachii artery

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17
Q

Name the 5 parts of the major artery in the arm.

A

subclavian -> axillary artery -> brachial artery -> radial artery (superficial) and ulnar artery (deep)

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18
Q

What 3 structures lie under the bicipital aponeurosis at the cubital fossa?

A

TAN = Biceps TENDON, Brachial ARTERY, Median NERVE

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19
Q

What are the 2 major veins in the arm?

A

cephalic vein and basilic vein

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20
Q

What vein connects the two major veins in the arm at the cubital fossa?

A

median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins

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21
Q

What are the 3 joints of the wrist?

A
  1. radiocarpal joint 2. inter-carpal joints (btwn rows of carpal bones) 3. carpometacarpal joints
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22
Q

Which carpal bones articulate with the radius?

A

Scaphoid and Lunate

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23
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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24
Q

What 2 ligaments allow for adduction and abduction in the wrist?

A

ulnar collateral ligament and the radial collateral ligament

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25
Q

In what direction are the wrist ligaments the strongest?

A

ventrally - forced flexion most likely = sprain (week dorsally, forced extension likely = fx)

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26
Q

What are the general actions of the muscles in the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

flexion and pronation

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27
Q

What are the general actions of the muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

extension and supination

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28
Q

Where does the common flexor tendon attach?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

29
Q

Where does the common extensor tendon attach?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

30
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial forearm flexors?

A

(lateral to medial) pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

31
Q

What is the single muscle of the midlayer flexor forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (has 4 tendons distally)

32
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the deep forearm flexors?

A

pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus

33
Q

What 2 nerves innervate the forearm flexor muscles?

A

median and ulnar

34
Q

What 2 muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve in the anterior forearm compartment?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus

35
Q

What is supination of the hand?

A

Turning he hand so palmar is up or anterior (hold a bowl of soup)

36
Q

What is pronation of the hand?

A

turning hand so palmar is down or posterior

37
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the superficial forearm extensors?

A

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialus longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

What are the 5 deep muscles of the forearm extensors?

A

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor poliicis brevis, extensor indicis,

39
Q

In the forearm, what are the branches of the radial nerve?

A
  1. radial nerve runs through the radial groove of the humerus posteriorly and down to elbow
  2. deep radial nerve pierces the supinator muscle and continues as the posterior interosseous nerve to deep forearm extensors (stops) 2. superficial radial nerve continues to innervate the dorsolateral side of the hand
40
Q

What is the path of the median nerve through the forearm and arm?

A

travels between the middle and deep flexors, gives rise to anterior interosseous branch, just before carpal tunnel it gives rise to palmar branch, after going through carpal tunnel it splits into recurrent branch (thenar muscles) and common and proper digital nerves

41
Q

What is the path of the Ulnar Nerve?

A

through ulnar groove at elbow, travels deep to flexor carpi ulnaris and then towards surface of fleor digitorum profundus, gives rise to dorsal cutaneous branch before entering hand, goes through Guyon’s canal and branches into deep and superficial (becomes common and proper digital n.) ulnar nerves.

42
Q

What area of skin does the radial nerve innervate?

A

superficial branch innervates the dorsal lateral side of the hand, digit 1, and up to DIP on digits 2 & 3.

43
Q

What area of skin does the median nerve innervate?

A

Common and proper digital branches supply distal palm, palmar sides of digits 1,2,3 and lateral half of 4, dorsal tips of 2, 3 and lat. half of 4.

44
Q

What area of skin does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

common and proper digital branches supply medial 1.5 of hand (including 5 and med. half of 4 on palmar side, AND 5, all but lat. half of distal phalanx of 4, and med. half to DIP joint of 3 on dorsal side)

45
Q

What is extensor retinaculum?

A

thick connective tissue layer at the wrist under which tendons of the forearm extensors run in order to prevent bowstringing

46
Q

What fingers are associated with which dermatome?

A

C6 thumb, C7 index & middle, C8 ring & little fingers

47
Q

What artery creates the superficial arch in the hand?

A

ulnar artery

48
Q

What artery creates the deep arch in the hand?

A

radial artery

49
Q

What arch primarily supplies blood to digits 3-5?

A

superficial arch with common and proper digital arteries (comes from ulnar artery)

50
Q

Which arch primarily supplies blood to digit 1?

A

deep arch through the princeps pollicis artery (from the radial artery

51
Q

Which arch primarily supplies blood to digit 2?

A

BOTH! Superficial arch through common and proper digital artery, deep arch through radialis indicis artery

52
Q

What muscle covers the radial artery as it travels to the wrist?

A

brachioradialis

53
Q

What muscle does the ulnar artery travel under on its way to the arm?

A

pronator muscle, then accompanies ulnar nerve to hand

54
Q

What arteries come from the ulnar artery in the forearm?

A

common interosseous artery tha spits into anterior interosseous artery and posterior interosseous artery

55
Q

What travels through the anatomical snuff box?

A

tendons of extensor pollicis brevis, abductus pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis longus. Radial nerve runs superficially to it and radial artery runs deep to it.

56
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum connecting to the pisiform and hamate medially and the scaphoid and trapezium laterally, and the carpal bones

57
Q

What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

58
Q

From proximal to distal, name the general bone layers of the hand and the associated joints

A

carpals (carpometacarpal joint) metacarpals (metacarpophalangeal joint) proximal phalanges (proximal interphalangeal joint) middle phalanges (distal interphalangeal joint) distal phalanges

59
Q

What serves as the reference point for abduction and adduction of the fingers in the hand?

A

3rd digit midline

60
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

A

deep fascial layer continuous with palmaris longus tendon that protects the neurovascular structures in the palm

61
Q

What are the 4 groups of muscles in the hand?

A
  1. thumb muscles 2. little finger muscles 3. interosseous muscles 4. lumbrical muscles
62
Q

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

63
Q

What is the non-thenar muscle?

A

adductor pollicis

64
Q

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digit minimi, opponens digiti minimi

65
Q

What are the 2 groups of interosseous muscles and their actions

A

palmar interosseous muscles adduct (PAD), dorsal interosseous muscles abduct (DAB)

66
Q

What side of each digit do the lumbricals attach to?

A

lateral side

67
Q

What structures make up the Guyon Canal?

A

hook of hamate and pisiform, ulnar nerve travels through it

68
Q

What is the extensor expansion?

A

patterning of extensor tendon attachment on the posterior side of the digits

69
Q

What are the 5 fibrous tendo sheaths present in the hand?

A

common flexor sheath (carpal tunnel to digit 5), digital sheaths of 2, 3, & 4, flexor poliicis longus sheath of to the thumb

HAE Quiz 3 (1 decks)

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