Upper Extremities Flashcards by Marlowe Dumangas

Bounderies of the apex of the Axilla

Clavicle (anteriorly)
1st rib (medially)
Scapula (posteriorly)

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Contents of the axilla

Axillary Artery
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus

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Rotator cuff muscles

Stabilizes the shoulder joint (ant, sup, post)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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What tendon is most commonly affected in inflammation of the rotator cuff

Tendon of the Supraspinatus

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Dislocation of the shoulder joint
Nerve affected
Actions affected

Axillary nerve
Abduction (deltoid)
Lateral rotation (teres minor)

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Contents of the quadrangular dorsal scapular space

Axillary nerve (circumflex nerve)
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels

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Inability to supinate the forearm

Nerve and Muscles involve

Musculocutaneous nerve (Biceps Brachii)
Radial nerve (Supinator)

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Muscles of the Arms (action and innervation)

Anterior - Flexion (Musculocutaneous nerve)

Posterior - Extension (Radial nerve)

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Main flexor of the forearm

Brachialis

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Main supinator of the forearm

Biceps brachii

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Main extensor of the forearm

Triceps brachii

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Muscles of the Forearms

Anterior- Flexion (median nerve except for Flexor carpi Ulnaris and Flexor digitorum profundus w/c is supplied by the Ulnar nerve
Posterior- Extension (radial nerve)

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Common tendon origin of the Flexor muscles of the forearm

Medial Epicondyle

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Common tendon origin of the Extensor muscles of the forearm

Lateral Epicondyle

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Only Posterior forearm muscle that flexes the hands

Brachioradialis

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Cubital fossa Boudaries

Lateral - medial border of the brachioradialis
Medial- pronator teres
Superior- horizontal line between the epicondyles
Floor- brachialis & supinator

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Cubital fossa contents

Medial -> Lateral

Median nerve, Brachial artery, Biceps brachii tendon, Radial nerve

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Thenar muscles & innervation

Opponens Pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve

Hypothenar muscles & innervation

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve

Lumbricals

4 muscles
medial 2 - ulnar nerve
lateral 2 - median nerve

Interossie

Palmar - Adduction (3) (PAD)

Dorsal - Abduction (4) (DAB)

Inflammation of the medial epicondyle

Golfer’s elbow

Medial epicondilitis

Inflammation of the lateral epicondyle

Tennis’ elbow

Lateral epicondilitis

Fall on the shoulder or during difficult labor

Waiter’s Tip

Erb Duchenne’s syndrome
(Upper brachial plexus injury)
C5-C6

Excessive abduction of the arm or by stab or bullet wound | Claw Hand

Klumpke's Paralysis (Lower brachial plexus injury) C8-T1

Inability to Protract the scapula and difficulty in raising their arm above the head Winging of the vertebral border

Long thoracic nerve injury | Serratus Anterior

Difficulty in elevating the trunk (as in attempting to climb) & difficulty in using a crutch

Thoracodorsal Nerve lesion (C6,C7,C8) | Latissimus dorsi

Result in the dislocation of the head of the humerus or by a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Axillary nerve lesion

Weakness in the ability to Abduct the arm and there may be altered sensation in the skin covering the deltoid (loss of rounded contour of the shoulder)

Axillary nerve lesion

Weakness in the lateral rotation because of weakness of the teres minor

Axillary nerve lesion

Weakness in the flexion of the forearm at the elbow and weakness in supination

Musculocutaneous nerve lesion

Result from a spiral fracture of the midshaft of the humerus

Radial nerve lesion

Wrist drop- weakness in the ability to extend hand at the wrist and a loss of extension at the MP joints of all digits

Radial nerve lesion

Pain and Paresthesia in the skin over the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the thumb and index finger

Radial nerve lesion

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus; Compression between the heads of the pronator teres muscle

Median nerve lesion (Proximal)

Altered cutaneous sensation- lateral 3 and 1/2 digits and thenar eminence Weakness in flexion at the wrist; flexion of lateral fingers and flexion of thumb

Median nerve lesion (Proximal)

Hand of benediction | Ape hand

Median nerve lesion (Proximal)

Carpal tunnel syndrome; Lunate dislocation

Median nerve lesion (Distal)

Result from a medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus | Altered cutaneous sensation - medial 1 and 1/2 digits and hypothenar eminence

Ulnar nerve lesion (proximal)

Fracture of hook of hamate | Claw hand

Ulnar nerve lesion (distal)

Distal radial fracture that resulted from an outstretch hand. Fragments are displaced posteriorly/dorsally

Colle's fracture | Dinner/ Silver fork deformity

Distal radial fracture that resulted from a fall in the dorsal aspect of the hand. Fragments are displaced ventrally

Smith's fracture

Anatomical snuffbox boundaries and contents

Medial: Extensor pollicis longus Lateral: Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis longus Floor: Scaphoid, Trapezium Contents: Radial artery, Radial nerve, cephalic vein

Lymphatic drainage of the R side of the face, R side of thorax, R upper limb

Right lymphatic duct -> R brachiocephalic | The rest drains in the thoracic duct -> L Brachiocephalic