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chapter 38 > upper digestive tract > Flashcards

upper digestive tract Flashcards

1
Q

ingestion

A

take in food

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2
Q

digestion

A

break down food (physically and chemically)

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3
Q

absorption

A

nutrients enter bloodstream

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4
Q

defecation

A

release of indigestible food

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5
Q

alimentary canal

A

mouth to anus

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6
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

stomach and intestines

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7
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

salivary glands, teeth, pancreas

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8
Q

mucosa

A

innermost layer of GI wall

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9
Q

walls of the GI

A

4 layers
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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10
Q

connective tissue that is thicker than mucosal later

A

submucosa

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11
Q

muscular layer inner layer(circular) and outer layer(longitudinal) smooth muscle

A

muscularis

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12
Q

outermost layer of GI wall- the serous membrane

A

serosa

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13
Q

hard palate

A

consists of four bones – two maxillae and two palatines

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14
Q

soft palate

A

forms partition between mouth and nasopharynx

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15
Q

Uvula

A

suspended from the midpoint of posterior border of soft palate

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16
Q

four types of papillae

A

circumvallate
fungiform
foliate
filiform

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17
Q

Circumvallate

A

large, form and v-shaped row at posterior of tongue, to be tasted substance must enter a moat-like depression surrounding the papillae to contact taste buds

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18
Q

fungiform

A

found on sides and tip of tongue

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19
Q

Foliate

A

leaflike ridges on the posterior and lateral edges of tongue

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20
Q

Filiform

A

filamentous and threadlike, whitish coloration, distributed over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Do not contain taste buds

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21
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

fold of mucous membrane in the midline of the undersurface of tongue that anchors tongue to floor of mouth

22
Q

salivary glands has 3 pairs

A

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

23
Q

Parotid glands

A

anterior to ears, produce a watery type of saliva containing enzymes but no mucus

24
Q

Submandibular glands

A

contain both enzyme and mucus producing elements
Located below the mandibular angle

25
Q

Sublingual glands

A

lie in front of submandibular glands, empty secretions into floor of mouth
Produce only mucous type of saliva

26
Q

Saliva

A

a mix of mucus and serous fluid
Moistens and binds food together into a bolus

27
Q

deciduous teeth

A

baby teeth (28)
permanent teeth (32)

28
Q

teeth classified according to shape

A

incisors
canines
premolars and molars

29
Q

incisors

A

chisels shaped cutting

30
Q

canines

A

fang like tearing and piercing

31
Q

premolar and molars

A

broad crowns and rounded tips, grinding

32
Q

root

A

embedded in jawbone
Outer surface of root covered by Cementum

33
Q

Cementum

A

attaches tooth to periodontal membrane, holds tooth in place

34
Q

Dentin

A

bonelike material, underlies enamel, bulk of tooth

35
Q

Pulp cavity

A

central cavity, contains pulp that supplies nutrients to tooth tissues and provides sensation

36
Q

Root canal

A

where pulp cavity extends into the root

37
Q

Esophagus

A

runs from pharynx through diaphragm to stomach

38
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

A

helps prevent
Air from entering esophagus during respiration
Relaxation of the UES permits burping

39
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

also called cardiac sphincter
Located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach
Contains stomach contents with stomach full and churning

40
Q

Fundus

A

expanded part of the stomach lateral to cardiac region

41
Q

body (stomach)

A

midportion of stomach

42
Q

Pylorus

A

terminal part of stomach; continues to small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

43
Q

Greater curvature
Lesser curvature

A

convex medial surface
concave medial surface

44
Q

Lining of stomach =

A

folds = rugae w/ gastric pits

45
Q

Gastric pits lead to

A

Gastric glands producing Gastric juice

46
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

substance needed for the absorption of B12

47
Q

Chief cells

A

produce protein digesting enzymes
(pepsinogen->pepsin)

48
Q

Parietal cells

A

produce HCl; makes stomach contents acidic and activates other enzymes

49
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

produce local hormones (Gastrin); important in digestion

50
Q

after food has been processed

A

chyme

chapter 38 (1 decks)

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