upper body joints

Question 1

acromionclavicular joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 1

• Type
  Synovial plane joint; multiaxial
• Articular surfaces
  Acromion of scapula, acromial end of clavicle
• Ligaments
  Intrinsic: Superior acromioclavicular ligament, inferior acromioclavicular ligament
  Extrinsic: Coracoclavicular ligament (with conoid and trapezoid parts)
• Innervation
  Lateral pectoral nerve, suprascapular nerve
• Blood supply
  Thoracoacromial artery, suprascapular artery
• Movements
  Protraction - retraction
  Elevation - depression
  Axial rotation

Question 2

scapularthoracic joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 2

• Type
  Not a true joint
  comprised of acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic junction
• Articular surfaces
  Anterior surface of scapula, superolateral surface of posterior thoracic wall
• Ligaments
  Absent
• Innervation
  Accessory , long thoracic, dorsal scapular nerves
• Blood supply
  Occipital, superficial cervical, dorsal scapular, thoracodorsal, transverse cervical, ascending cervical, dorsal scapular, posterior intercostal arteries 1-6
• Movements
  Elevation-depression, protraction-retraction, external rotation-internal rotation

Question 3

sternoclavicular joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 3

• Type
  Synovial saddle joint
• Articular surfaces
  Sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, superior surface of first costal cartilage; intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc
• Ligaments
  Intrinsic ligaments: anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
  Extrinsic ligaments: interclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments
• Innervation
  Medial supraclavicular nerve, nerve to subclavius
• Blood supply
  Suprascapular artery, internal thoracic artery
• Movements
  Elevation - depression
  Protraction - retraction
  Axial rotation

Question 4

elbow joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 4

• Type
  Hinge joint
• Bones
  Humerus, radius, ulna
• Ligaments
  Ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, quadrate ligament
• Blood supply
  Ulnar collateral artery, radial collateral artery, middle collateral artery
  Radial and ulnar recurrent artery
• Movements
  Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis muscles
  Extension - Triceps brachii muscle

Question 5

radio carpal joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 5

• Type
  Synovial ellipsoid joint;
• Articular surfaces
  Proximal component: distal end of radius, articular disc
  Distal component : scaphoid, lunate and triquetral of the proximal row of carpal bones
• Ligaments
  Palmar radiocarpal joint, dorsal radiocarpal ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament
• Innervation
  Anterior interosseous nerve arising from median nerve (C5-T1)
  Posterior interosseous nerve arising from radial nerve (C7-C8)
  Deep and dorsal branches of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
• Blood supply
  Branches of the dorsal and palmar carpal arches
• Movements Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Question 6

distal radioulnar joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 6

• Type
  Synovial pivot joint; uniaxial
• Articular surfaces
  Distal head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius
• Ligaments
  ulnar collateral ligament, dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments, base of extensor carpi ulnaris sheath, ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral ligaments
• Innervation
  Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves
• Blood supply
  Anterior interosseous, posterior interosseous and ulnar arteries
• Movements
  Pronation - supination

Question 7

glenohumeral joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 7

• Type
  Synovial ball and socket joint; multiaxial
• Articular surfaces
  Glenoid fossa of scapula, head of humerus; glenoid labrum
• Ligaments
  Superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, inferior glenohumeral, coracohumeral, transverse humeral
• Innervation
  Subscapular nerve (joint); suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, lateral pectoral nerve (joint capsule)
• Blood supply
  Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral, circumflex scapular and suprascapular arteries
• Movements
  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external/lateral rotation, internal/medial rotation and circumduction

Question 8

metacarpophalangeal joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 8

• Type
  Synovial, condyloid joint
• Articular surfaces
  Heads of the distal aspect of the metacarpal bones
  Proximal aspects of the phalanges
• Ligaments
  Collateral ligament, palmar ligament, deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
• Innervation
  Posterior interosseous nerve, deep terminal branch of ulnar nerve, palmar branches of median nerve
• Movements
  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction and limited rotation

Question 9

interphalangeal joint
(type/articular surface/ligaments/innervation/blod supply/movement)

Answer 9

• Type
  Synovial, condyloid joint
• Articular
  surfaces Heads of the distal aspect of the metacarpal bones
  Proximal aspects of the phalanges
• Ligaments
  Collateral ligament, palmar ligament, deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
• Innervation
  Posterior interosseous nerve, deep terminal branch of ulnar nerve, palmar branches of median nerve
• Movements Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction and limited rotation