UOI 3 - Simple machines (Advanced) Flashcards
Newton discovered three laws to describe what?
Forces and motion.
Newton’s third law of motion describes that for every action, there is a what?
Reaction.
You are riding on a sled and the sled suddenly stops and you fly forward.
Law #1
Sliding a big box up a ramp in harder than slicing a small box.
Law #2
You try to push open a heavy door while you are on rollerblades but you roll backward.
Law #3
It takes less force to push an empty grocery cart than a full grocery cart.
Law #3
You put your milkshake on the dashboard of your mom’s car but when he car suddenly stops, the drink flies off.
Law #1
A ________ is a simple machine that has an arm that pivots on a point called a fulcrum
Lever
A _________ consists of a rope wound around a wheel and can make lifting easer
Pulley
A _________ is a simple machine that is made up of many levers and rotates on a shaft.
Wheel and axle
___________ occurs between any two substances.
Friction
An _____________ is a sloping surface used to move objects from one level to another.
Incline plane
All forms of energy can be described as forms of _________.
Potential and Kinetic energy
If Mr. Dimitri hikes up a mountain, as he climbs higher and higher he gains___________.
Potential energy
If Mr. Dimitri ate breakfast before he climbs a mountain, his body would change the
(a)_________ found in his food to (b) ________ so he could climb higher and higher.
(a) chemical energy
(b) mechanical energy
What are some examples of a wheel and axle?
Doorknob, car, wheels, screwdriver, wrench, gears in watches and clocks, and bicycles.
What are some examples of a wedge?
Nail, axe, saw, doorstopper, knife and a pizza cutter.
What is a lever?
A board or a bar that rests on a turning point. The turning point is called a fulcrum. An object that a lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move.
What is a pulley?
This simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of a wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the wheel turns and the load will move. Pulleys let you move loads up, down and sideways.
What are some examples of a lever?
Bottle opener, scissors, crowbar, seesaw, wheelbarrow, crowbar.
The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots.
Fulcrum
What are some examples of a pulley?
Flagpole, clothes line, ski lift, blinds
What is a screw?
A simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself. A screw has ridges and is NOT smooth like a nail. Some screws are used to raise and lower things. They are also used to hold things together.
What are some examples of uses for a screw?
Used to hold things together and (like in a carjack) they are used to raise and lower things.
What is an inclined plane?
A simple machine with a flat surface and one end higher than the other. You can use this simple machine to move an object to a higher or lower place.
What is force?
A push or pull
What is a load?
The amount you are trying to lift or move
What is work?
The result of a force moving an object
What is a simple machine?
A machine made of one or two parts
What is a compound machine?
A machine made of one or two simple machines.
What is a complex machine?
A machine made up of many simple and compound machines.
Which simple machine is used to move objects to a higher or lower place?
inclined plane
Which simple machine uses a fulcrum?
lever
Which simple machine moves thing a distance from place to place?
wheel and axle
Which simple machine moves objects to hard to reach places?
pulley
Which simple machine splits things apart?
wedge
Which simple machine holds objects together?
screw
What is a wedge?
It is used to push two objects apart. It is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet to form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.
What is a wheel and axle?
The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. It s easy to move things from place to place with wheel and axles.
What are examples of an inclined plane?
ramp and a slide
Input force = force with which you _______________
Push or pull
In order to do ________ on an object, the object must move some _______ as a result of ______.
Work, distance, force
Output force = force you would need to lift an object _______ an inclined plane
Without
Work is lost due to ________ between the object and ___________
Friction, inclined plane
A screw is an inclined plane _________ around a ________
Wrapped, cylinder
When you increase the ________ the object travels, the _____ force needed to move the object is _____ meaning less ______ can be exerted by the mover to complete the same amount of work
Distance, input, decreased, effort
An inclined plane works by _________ your input force over a _______
Spreading out, distance
A lever is a _____ bar that is free to pivot or _____, around a fixed point or fulcrum
Rigid, rotate
How levers help:
- _______ effect of your input force
- Changes the ________ of your input force
Increases, direction
What is a pulley?
A grooved wheel with rope or cable wrapped around it
When you pull the rope you can change the amount and ________ of your ______ force
Direction, input
What happens as you add new lengths of rope to a block and tackle?
It gets easier to lift
What is the scientific term for ramp?
Inclined plane
When you use a ramp, the _____________ needed to move an object will always be the ____
Total amount of work, same
What are the 6 kinds of simple machines?
- Inclined plane.
- Wedge
- Screw
- Lever
- Wheel and axle
- Pulley
