Untitled spreadsheet - Sheet1 Flashcards
Objects of First Aid
Prevent further injury, infection, and loss of life
Four methods to control bleeding
Direct Pressure, elevation, pressure points, tourniquet as last resort.
Pressure point
Point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
Amount of pressure points
11
Location of pressure points
Temple, jaw, neck, collar bone, inner upper arm, inner elbow, wrist, upper thigh, groin, knee, ankle
First degree burn
Produces redness, warmth and mild pain
Second degree burn
Causes red, blistered skin and severe pain
Third degree burn
Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases. Sever pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed
Open/Compound fracture
Broken skin with bone protrusion
Closed/Simple fracture
Broken bone without skin break
Electric shock
When a person comes in contact with an electric energy source
Indications of airway obstruction
Inability to talk, grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, skin turning bluish color
Heat exhaustion
Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs. Body temperature may be high. Sweating profusely
Heat Stroke
Breakdown of sweating mechanism of the body. Unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup.
Hypothermia
General cooling of the whole body caused by low temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice. Breathing is slow and shallow
Superficial frostbite
Ice crystals form on the upper skin layers after exposure to 32 degrees or lower
Deep frostbite
Ice crystals form in the deeper tissue
How many types of shock
5
Septic shock
Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins.
Anaphylactic shock
Sever hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
Cardiogenic shock
When the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body
Hypovolemic shock
Severe blood and fluid loss, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.
Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injury
Purpose of CPR
To “buy time” until normal heart function is restored
Steps for CPR
C/A/B Circulation/Airway/Breathing
1st step in survival chain
Recognition/activation of CPR
2nd step in survival chain
Chest compressions
3rd step in survival chain
AED/defibrillator
4th step in survival chain
Rapid defibrillation
5th step in survival chain
Effective advanced life support (EMT’s, ambulance)
6th step in survival chain
Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
ORM
Systematic, decision-making process used to identify and manage hazards that endanger naval resources
1st step of ORM
Identify
Identify ORM
Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps. Then conduct a preliminary hazard analysis by listing all of the hazards associated with each step.
2nd step of ORM
Assess
Assess ORM
Determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity
3rd step of ORM
Make Risk Decisions
Make Risk Decisions ORM
Develop risk control options. Start with the most seriosu risk first and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment. Decide if benefit outweighs the risk
4th Step of ORM
Implement Controls
Implement Controls ORM
Used to eliminate hazards or reduce the degree of risk
5th Step of ORM
Supervise
Supervise ORM
Conduct follow-up evaluations of controls to make sure they remain in place or have the desired effect.
Class A Mishap
$2,000,000 or more in damage; an injury or illness resulting in a fatality or permanent total disability
Class B Mishap
$500,000 or more but less than $2,000,000 in damage; an injury or illness that results in permanent partial disability; 3 or more personnel are inpatient hospitalized
Class C Mishap
$50,000 or more but less than $500,000 in damage; a non-fatal injury that causes loss of time beyond the day or shift it occurred (5 or more lost workdays beyond the date of injury)
PPE program
Established as a last line of defense in case of equipment breakdown, failure, or misuse.
Examples of PPE
Cranials, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, foot protection
NBC Environment
Deliberate or accidental employment or threat of NBC weapons attack with other CBR materials.
Chemical Warfare
Employment of chemical agents that are intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel due to the physiological effect.
Types of chemical Agents
Nerve, Blister, Blood, Choking
Nerve Agent
Liquid casualty agents that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue
Example of Nerve Agent
Sarin, Tabun, SOMAN, VX
Blister Agents
Liquid or solid casulaty agents that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues which often results in temporary blindness or death.
Example of Blister Agent
Distilled Mustard, Lewisite, Phosgene Oxime, Levinstein Mustard
Blood Agents
Gaseous casualty agents that attack the enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream.
Example of Blood Agent
Hydrogen Cyanide, Cyanogen Chloride, Arsine
Choking Agents
Gaseous or liquid casulaty agents with initial symptoms that include; tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache.
Example of Choking Agents
Phosgene and Diphosgene
M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper
Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning a red or reddish color, does NOT detect chemical agent vapors
Atropine/2-PAM-chloride Auto Injector
Specific therapy for nerve agent casualties, issued for intramuscular injection
Biological Warfare
Use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.
Two types of Biological Warfare
Pathogens, Toxins
Examples of pathogens
bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, protozoa and prions
Toxin Categorization
Based on the organism that produce them or the physiological affects on humans.
Toxin grouping by source
Mycotoxins (from fungi), bacterial, algal, animal venoms and plant toxins
Toxin grouping by physiological effects
Neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enterotoxins and dermatoxins
IPE for cbr
MCU-2P with components; Advanced chemical protective garment (ACPG); Protective gloves and liners; Protective overboots and laces; Skin decon kit
Basing for employment of IPE
Increasingly stringent levels of MOPP
Radiological Warfare
Deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life
High Altitude Air Burst
Excess of 100,000 feet, with ionosphere disruptions and EMP
Non surface airburst
Vacuum created collects debris and severe blast damage resulting in radiation fallout
Surface Burst
Worst fallout from touching the surface
Shallow underwater burst
Small fireball and blast wave, causes large waves and water contamination
Deep underwater burst
Less visual effects but greater contaminated water.
Ready-shelter stations
Just inside the weather envelope. Provide minimum shielding and allow crew to remain close to battle stations.
Deep-Shelter stations
Low in the ship and near the centerline. Provide maximum shielding from radiation, but far from battle stations
DT-60 Dosimeter
Non-self reading high range casualty dosimeter.
Range of DT-60
0-600 Roentgens
MOPP
Mission Oriented Protective Posture
MOPP definition
Management tool that is used to coordinate the use of systems and equipment in Chemical or Biological environments
MOPP level 0
Issue IPE, accessible within 5 minutes
MOPP level 1 Afloat
JSLIST, Mask, Gloves readily accessible
MOPP level 1 Ashore
Don protective equipment, M9 tape
MOPP level 2 Afloat
Mask carried, decon supplies staged.
MOPP level 2 Ashore
Don overboots
MOPP Level 3 Afloat
GQ, install filters, don over boots
MOPP Level 3 Ashore
Fill canteens, activate decon stations
MOPP Level 4 Afloat
Don mask/hood, gloves, circle william, countermeasure washdown
MOPP Level 4 Ashore
Gloves with liners, untie bow in retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt
Primary duty of Firefighting
Saving lives
Secondary duty of Firefighting
Extinguish fires and limit damage to aircraft, shipboard, and airfield installed equipment/structures.
Fire Triangle
Heat, fuel, and oxygen
Fire tetrahedron
Heat, fuel, oxygen, and chemical chain reaction
Extinguish a fire
Remove any element of fire tetrahedron
How many classes of fires
4
Alpha Fire
Combustible materials that produce ash (wood, cloth, textiles, paper)
Extinguishing Alpha
Water, or AFFF
Bravo Fire
Flammable liquid substances (Gasoline, jet fuel, oil)
Extinguishing Bravo
AFFF, Halon, PKP, CO2
Charlie Fire
Energized or non-energized electrical fires
Extinguishing Energized Charlie
CO2, Halon, PKP, H20 in fog patterns with minimum 4ft distance
Extinguishing de-energized Charlie
Treat as A, B or D fire
Delta Fire
Combustible metals (Mg, Titanium)
Extinguishing Delta Fire
H20 in large quantities in high velocity fog
AFFF
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Chemical in AFFF
Synthetic fluorocarbon surfactant material
Shipboard concetrate for AFFF
6%
Water
Cools aircraft fuselage, ordnance, batteries and provide sheat shield
Chemical in Halon
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
Properties of Halon
Colorless, faintly sweet smelling, electrically nonconductive gas. Inhibits chain reaction
Weights for CO2
15lb portable, and 50lb wheeled
Properties of CO2
Colorless, odorless gas, 1.5x heavier than air. Displaces oxygen
Chemical in PKP
Potassium Bicarbonate
Properties of PKP
Breaks combustion chain, does not offer reflash protection
Required flight line PPE
Safety shoes (steel toed), Cranial, Protective goggles, Leather gloves
How many airfield components are there
10 airfield components
Runways
Paved areas used for takeoff and landing
Threshold markings
Parallel stripes at end of runways 12ft wide x 150ft long
Overrun Area
Paved or unpaved sections for aborting or overshooting aircraft
MA-1 Overrun Barrier
Stops tricycle landing gear for aircraft with no tail hooks (always on standby)
Emergency shore based recovery equipment
For stopping in the shortest distance possible to minimize injury or damage
Taxiways
Move between parking aprons, runways, and airfields
Parking Apron
Open paved areas used for parking, servicing and loading aircraft (flight line)
Compass Calibration Pad
Magnetically quiet paved area where aircraft compass is calibrated (compass rose)
Runway Numbering System
Numbered in relation to magnetic heading rounded off to nearest 10 degrees
Airfield rotating beacon
Sub-par weather conditions used locate airport. Rotates clockwise (2 white lights and 1 green light)
Main hazards of flight deck
Jet intakes, exhaust, rotors and propellers
PPE for Flight deck
Safety shoes (steel toed), Jersey, Cranial, Goggles, Leather gloves
How many color jerseys are there
7 colored jerseys
Yellow Jerseys
Aircarft handling officer, flight deck officer, catapult officer, air bos’n, arresting gear officer, plane director, co, xo
White Jerseys
Safety, Air transport officer, landing signal officer, plane inspectors, medical, chaplain
Brown Jersey
Plane captains
Blue Jerseys
Aircraft handling and chock crewman, Elevator operators
Green Jerseys
Catapult and arresting gear personnel, Squadron matinenance, Helicopter landing signal enlisted-man and photographers
Red Jerseys
Crash, EOD, Ordnance
Purple Jerseys
Fuel crew
PKP Coaming
12” red stripe with white 3” lettering
PKP Symbol
18” Circle with red 5” lettering
Saltwater Coaming
18” red stripe with yellow 3” lettering
Saltwater Symbol
18” red triangle with yellow lettering
CO2 Coaming
12” red stripe with white 3” lettering
CO2 Symbol
18” white circle with 5” red lettering
AFFF Coaming
18” green stripe with white 3” lettering
AFFF Symbol
18” green square with white 3” lettering
Bomb Jettison Symbol
4” red and yellow with 12” black fascimile of bomb
Steam Smothering
18” black stripe with 3” white lettering
Procedure for grounding aircraft
Ground then to aircraft
Windshield flight voltage
Up to 100,000 volts
Initial tie down
Up to 45 knots. 6 chains
Normal weather tie down
Up to 45 knots, 9 chains
Moderate weather tie down
46 to 60 knots, 14 chains
Heavy weather tie down
Above 60 knots, 20 chains
Types of tie down
TD-1A and TD-1B
Emergency Stop
Mandatory signal for fixed wing